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Presented By
Heather Dalberg
 History begins with the Tanakh (which Christians call “the
Old Testament”)
 Creation of world by God
 Human expression progresses through patriarchs, matriarchs,
and Moses who spoke with God and led the people according
to God’s commandments, and the prophets who heard God’s
warnings to those who strayed from the commandments.
 In 70 CE the Romans captured and destroyed the Temple of
Jerusalem dispersing Jewish people who found unity in their
evolving teachings and traditional practices, which were
eventually codified in the great compendium of Jewish law
and lore, the Talmud.
(Fisher, 2002, chap. 8)
 Enlightenment
 Kabbalah and Hasidism
 American Judaism
 The Holocaust
 Zionism
 Torah – The One God – Love For God
 Sacredness of human life
 Law
 Suffering and Faith
BCE 1900
BCE 1500
BCE 1000
BCE 600
BCE 500
BCE 100 - CE
CE 100
CE 200
CE 600
CE 1000
CE 1500
CE 1700
CE 1900
CE 2000
CE 2002
CE 2003
CE 2004
CE 2006
CE 2007
CE 2008
c.1900–1700 Abraham, the first patriarch
c.13th or 12th century Moses leads the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt
c.1010–970 David, king of Judah and Israel
961–931 King Solomon builds the first Temple in Jerusalem
586 First Temple destroyed; Jews exiled to Babylon
515 Second Temple built
c.430 Torah established: Ezra the Scribe
30 BCE–10 CE Hillel the Elder
70 Jerusalem falls to the Romans
c.90 Jewish Canon fixed
c.200 Mishnah compiled
c.600 Babylonian Talmud completed
1135–1204 Life of Maimonides
1480 The Inquisition begins
1492 Mass expulsion of Jews from Spain
1555 onward Ghettos of Italy and Germany
1700–1760 The Baal Shem Tov
c.1720–1780 The Enlightenment in Europe
1940–1945 The Holocaust
1947 Discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls
1948 Israel declared an independent state
1967 The Six-Day War
1990 onward Israeli–Palestinian conflicts and peace initiatives
Israel – Palestinian Conflict persists – Jewish soldiers evacuate
Joseph’s Tomb (4th holiest site) to avoid more violence there.
The ancient Shalom Al Yisrael Synagogue in Jericho is also defined as a
holy site which the Palestinian Authority agreed to safeguard in the Oslo
agreements. Palestinians set fire to this synagogue.
American Jewish families today require $25-$35,000 a year of
discretionary income for intensive Jewish experiences.
Prime Minister Ariel Sharon led his Likud Party to victory in Elections.
Palestinian President Yasser Arafat dies November 11, 2004
Sharon's massive stroke on January 4, 2006
September 6, 2007 Israel admits to Syria bombing raid
The United States, Israel, and a possible attack on Iran
(Fisher, 2002, chap. 8)
4500-3200 BCE
3500 BCE
3200-2220 BCE
2500 BCE
2220-1550 BCE
1800 BCE
1550-1200 BCE
1400 BCE
1200-1000 BCE
Chalcolithic Period
First Settlement
Early Bronze Age
First Houses
Middle Bronze Age
First City Wall
Late Bronze Age
Mention of Jerusalem in cuneiform Amarna letters
Iron Age I: Jerusalem is a Canaanite (Jebusite) City
1000-539 BCE
1000 BCE
960 BCE
721 BCE
701 BCE
586 BCE
539-322 BCE
539 BCE
516 BCE
Iron Age II
King David conquers Jerusalem
King Solomon builds First Temple
Assyrians conquer Samaria. Refugees flee to Jerusalem. City expands onto
western hill.
Assyrian ruler Sennacherib besieges Jerusalem.
Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem.
Persian Period
Persian ruler Cyrus the Great conquers Babylonian Empire
Second Temple built
445-425 BCE
Nehemiah rebuilds walls. City confined to eastern hill
332 BCE
Alexander the Great conquers Judea
332-141 BCE
141-37 BCE
141 BCE
63 BCE
37 BCE-70 CE
37 BCE
30 CE
70 CE
70-324 CE
Hellenistic Period: Ptolemaic and Seleucid rule.
Hasmonean Period
Hasmonean Dynasty begins. Jerusalem again expands into the western hill
Roman General Pompey captures Jerusalem
Herodian Period
Herod rebuilds Second Temple
Jesus crucified
Romans destroy Jerusalem
Roman Period
135 CE
324-638 CE
335 CE
614 CE
629 CE
638-1099 CE
638 CE
661-750 CE
691 CE
Jerusalem rebuilt as Roman city
Byzantine Period
Church of the Holy Sepulchre built
Persians capture Jerusalem
Byzantine Christians recapture Jerusalem
First Muslim Period
Caliph Omar enters Jerusalem
Umayyad Dynasty
Dome of the Rock built
750-974 CE
Abassid Dynasty
1099-1187 CE
Crusader Period
1099 CE
1187-1250 CE
1187 CE
1229-1244 CE
1250-1516 CE
1250 CE
1516-1917 CE
1517 CE
Crusaders capture Jerusalem
Ayyubid Period
Saladin captures Jerusalem
Crusaders briefly recapture Jerusalem twice
Mamluk Period
Muslim caliph dismantles walls of Jerusalem. Population declines
Ottoman Period
Ottomans capture Jerusalem
1538-1541 CE
1917 CE-present
1917
1948
1967
Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilds the walls of Jerusalem
Modern Period
British capture Jerusalem
State of Israel established. Jerusalem divided
Israel captures Old City and reunifies Jerusalem
2008
Contemporary Judaism
(Jewish Virtual Library, 1999)
 Daily Scriptural Study
 Remember God in all aspects of life
 Boys ritually circumcised at 8 days old
 Women ritually unclean during period and 7 days after
 Adultery is forbidden - worst sin against God
 Consume only kosher foods
 Food must be prepared in a proper kosher manner
 Environmental considerations
 Awake in thankful prayer before opening eyes
 Prayers recited walking and at bed time
 (Fisher, 2002, chap. 8)
 Use of ancient lunar calendar
 High Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur
 Sukkot – fall harvest festival
 Hanukkah – Feast of Dedication
 Tu B’shvat – appreciation of fruits and plants
 Purim – honor the queen who saved Jews from
destruction
 Pesach (Passover) – celebration the liberation from
bondage in Egypt and spring-time event of new life
 Shavuot – giving the Torah to Moses and the people’s
hearing of the voice of God. (Fisher, 2002, chap. 8)
 Anti-semitism
 Political tension between Arabs and Jews
 Law of Return – to settle Jews back in their homeland
 Acknowledgement between Reform, Orthodox and
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Conservative beliefs
Reconciling the lessons and pain of the Holocaust
Doing charitable work – not just the rich helping poor
Adherence to the Torah and Talmud
Requirements for conversion to Judaism
Extent of the use of Hebrew in prayer
Equal opportunity for women in participation
 Fisher, M. P. (2002). Judaism - A covenant with God. In
(Ed.), Living Religions (5th ed., pp. 231 - 267). New
York: Prentice-Hall.
 Jewish Virtual Library (1999, January/February;
Winter). Chronological Reference Points - Middle East
Insight. Retrieved May 30, 2008, from
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/jer
utime.html
 Federow, R. S. (2003). What Jews Believe. Retrieved
May 31, 2008, from http://whatjewsbelieve.org/