Begun in the 1500s to correct problems in the Catholic Church:
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Transcript Begun in the 1500s to correct problems in the Catholic Church:
2010 Spring Final
Exam Review
I’m ready to
kick a _ _ on
this final exam!
.
Ditto that,
Kickboy!
1. Describe the ethnic makeup of the Balkan Peninsula:
Very diverse:
Serbs, Croats, Bosnians,
Albanians,
Christians, Muslims, Gypsies
2. What country dominated
Eastern Europe after
World War II?
Soviet Union
3. Why is Eastern Europe
considered a cultural
crossroads?
Many groups passed through
the region over the centuries
4. Define: satellite nation
A nation dominated by
another country
5. Define: market economy
Economic system in which
production of goods &
services is determined by
demand from consumers
6. Define: anti-Semitism:
Discrimination against
Jewish people
7. Why did Eastern European
countries move from farming
to industry?
The Soviet Union, which
controlled Eastern Europe,
wanted to industrialize
8. What religious leader
helped to both liberate Poland
from the Soviet Union and
to bring an end to the
Soviet Union and Communism
in Eastern Europe?
Pope John Paul II
9. Serbs, Croats, and
Slovenes once were part of a
country known as:
Yugoslavia
10. Define: ethnic cleansing
Policy of trying to eliminate an
ethnic group
11. What led to the bloody
conflict in the Balkans,
especially the former
Yugoslavia?
Ethnic & religious differences
12. How was Eastern
Europe’s environment affected
by years of Soviet domination
and industrialization?
Terrible air, water and soil
pollution:
13. City established by Czar
Peter the Great on the Baltic
Sea:
St. Petersburg
14. What ended the rule of
the czars?
Russian Revolution of 1917 –
takeover of Russia by the
Bolsheviks
15. Country formed in
Northern Eurasia by the
Communist Party in 1922:
U.S.S.R./ Soviet Union
16. Conflict that existed
between the U.S. & U.S.S.R.
after WWII:
Cold War
17. Group that came from
Scandinavia in the 800s A.D.
and settled in Russia:
Vikings
18. Mongols who invaded
th
Russia in the 13 century
were called:
Tartars
19. Powerful prince who put
an end to Mongol rule in
Russia in the 1500s:
Ivan the Great
20. Majority ethnic group of
Russia:
ethnic Russians
21. Names of the Baltic
Republics:
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
22. Joseph Stalin’s main goal
for the Soviet Union:
rapid industrialization
23. Dominant religion and
language of Russia:
Orthodox Christianity/ Russian
24. German whose ideas led
to the economic/ political
system called Communism:
Karl Marx
25. Which artists – writers,
composers, etc. – represent
the cultural heritage of Russia:
Pushkin, Dostoyevsky,
Stravinsky, Tchaikovsky
26. Land, mines, factories,
banks where controlled by
whom in the Soviet economic
system:
the government
27. Result of the Soviet
experiment in Northern
Eurasia:
a complete failure
28. Current president of
Russia:
D. Medvedev
29. Oldest monotheistic
religion:
Judaism
30. German priest who
started the Reformation:
Martin Luther
31. Sacred city for Jews,
Christians & Muslims:
Jerusalem
32. Most sacred book of
Islam:
Holy Qu’ran:
33. Prophet who founded
Islam:
Muhammad
34. Person who leads prayers
& rituals of Judaism:
rabbi
35. Original followers of
Jesus:
apostles
36. Rite of passage for
Jewish teenage boys:
Bar Mitzvah
37. Pilgrimage to Mecca:
Hajj
38 Muslim house of prayer:
mosque
39. First split in Christianity
(1054 A.D.) created this
church:
Orthodox Christian
40. Jewish text containing the
Ten Commandments:
Torah
41. Role of the muezzin:
to call Muslims to prayer
42. Meaning of “Islam”:
submission to God, or peace
43. Slender tower of a
mosque:
minaret
44. Most strict form of
Judaism:
Orthodox Judaism
45. Sayings of Muhammad
found in this:
Hadith
46. Holy month of fasting in
Islam:
Ramadan
47. Holiest of Jewish holy
days:
Sabbath
48. Birthplace of Jesus Christ:
Bethlehem
49. Sometimes radical
minority of Islam:
Shi’ite
50. World headquarters of the
Roman Catholic Church:
Vatican City
51. Food that is “fit to eat” in
Judaism:
kosher
52. Main difference between
Catholics & Protestants:
Protestants do not recognize
the Pope as a leader of their
church
53. Devout Muslims do this
five times a day:
pray, facing Mecca
54. Moses, Isaiah &
Muhammad are called:
prophets
55. Main difference between
Christians & Jews:
Jews do not recognize
Jesus Christ as the Messiah
56. Religion that dominates
Southwest Asia:
Islam
57. Leader of prayer in a
mosque:
imam
58. Place where Muslims
position themselves while
praying:
Towards the city of Mecca,
Saudi Arabia
59. Jewish house of prayer &
worship:
synagogue, or temple
60. They first brought
Christianity to the Americas:
missionaries from Spain,
Portugal & France
61. 66-volume work that
interprets Jewish scripture:
Talmud:
62. Christian concept of three
persons in one God:
trinity
63. Group that controls oil
process worldwide:
OPEC
64. They fought a war with
Iran from 1980-1990:
Iraq
65. Reason why nations in
SW Asia cannot base their
economies totally on oil:
The world price of oil moves
up and down with the market
66. Movement to create a
Jewish homeland in Palestine:
Zionism
67. Country that liberated
Kuwait in Persian Gulf War:
United States
68. 83% of Muslims belong to
this branch: :
Sunni
69. Ethnic group in Turkey,
Iran & Iraq that lacks official
territory:
Kurds
70. Saudi Arabia uses its oil
profits to develop this:
infrastructure and water
processing projects
71. Organization formed to
regain land for Palestinian
Arabs:
PLO/ Palestine Liberation
Organization
72. Holiest Jewish site in
Jerusalem:
Western, or Wailing, Wall
73. Right which Palestinians
demand in Israel:
The “right of return” to native
lands
74. Muslim holy site in
Jerusalem:
Dome of the Rock
75. Present-day Iraq was
once site of this ancient
civilization:
Mesopotamia
76. Large desert in Saudi
Arabia:
Rub al-Khali (Empty Quarter)
77. Nation which took U.S.
hostages during an Islamic
Revolution in 1979: :
Iran
78. Group displaced with the
creation of Israel:
Palestinians
79. Former Muslim regime of
Afghanistan:
Taliban
80. Location of the Negev
Desert:
southern Israel
81. Empire that once was
located in Iran: :
Persian Empire
82. Rivers that form the
Fertile Crescent in presentday Iraq:
Tigris & Euphrates
83. Oil wealth in SW Asia
caused many people to
migrate from where to where:
from villages to the cities
84. Dominant language of
Southwest Asia:
Arabic
85. Where do most
Palestinians live:
in refugee camps just outside
Israel’s borders
86. SW Asia’s most valuable
resource, besides oil:
drinking water
87. Define Bedouins:
nomadic desert dwellers who
are the ancestors of Arab
people
88. Countries which border
the Persian Gulf:
Oman, U.A.E., Qatar, Kuwait
and Iran
89. Iran’s capital city:
Tehran
90. Riyadh is capital of:
Saudi Arabia
91. What took place as soon
as Israel declared itself a
country:
It was immediately attacked
by its Arab neighbors
92. Purpose of the Berlin
Conference of 1884-1885?
To prevent war among
European powers by dividing
control of Africa
93. Significance of Goree
Island:
major port for the European
slave trade:
94. South Africa’s great hero:
Nelson Mandela
95. Three great trading
empires of West Africa:
Ghana, Mali, Songhai
96. Ashanti people are most
famous for this:
asasia, or kente cloth:
97. Major ethnic group of
East Africa:
Masai
98. 95% of Egypt’s water
comes from:
Nile River
99. Africa’s highest mountain
peak:
Mt. Kilimanjaro
100. Causes of
desertification:
100. Farming, overgrazing by
animals and overpopulation
101. Nigeria’s oil is mostly
found here:
Niger River delta
102. Cruel Belgium monarch
who opened up Africa’s
interior to trade:
King Leopold II of Belgium
103. Historic migration of
African people that produced
a diversity of cultures:
Bantu migrations
104. Rain forest of Africa are
located here:
On, or near, the Equator
105. God-kings of ancient
Egypt:
pharaohs
106. Event in Rwanda in
1994:
Massive genocide of
Tutsis by the Hutus
107. Southern Africa’s most
serious issue:
HIV/ AIDs
108. Europeans interest in
bringing slaves from Africa to
the New World:
Slaves provided labor for
European plantations in the
Americas
109. Majority of Southern
Africans
are__________speaking
peoples.
Bantu
110. Structure built to control
flooding of the Nile River:
Aswan High Dam
111. Largest lake in Africa: :
Lake Victoria
112. How do the current
boundaries & former tribal
boundaries of Africa compare:
They do not match-up at all
113. Period of Muslim rule in
India, beginning in the 1500s:
Mughal Empire
114. Rainiest period in South
Asia:
Summer, during the
monsoons
115. Official language of India
& dominant religion of India:
Hindi/ Hinduism
116. Mountains where Mt.
Everest is located:
Himalayas
117. Territory fought over by
India & Pakistan:
Kashmir
118. Sacred river of all
Hindus: :
Ganges River
119. Founder of Buddhism
around 600 B.C. in presentday Nepal:
Siddhartha Gautama
120. Ancient civilization
located in present-day
Pakistan:
Indus River Valley civilization
121. India’s most serious
social problem:
overpopulation
122. American civil rights
leader who was inspired by
Mohandas Gandhi:
Martin Luther King Jr.
123. Most densely populated
part of India: :
Indo-Gangetic Plain
124. Dominant religion of
Pakistan & Bangladesh:
Islam
125. Hymns to the gods &
sacred writings of the Hindus:
vedas
126. India is the world’s
largest___________________.
democracy
127. Most remote countries in
South Asia – located in the
Himalayas:
Nepal & Bhutan
128. Rivers that empty into
the Bay of Bengal through
Bangladesh:
Ganges & Brahmaputra
129. Transportation system
supervised by the British in
India: :
railroad
130. India & Pakistan both
possess these dangerous
weapons:
nuclear
131. Monsoons are vital for
this economic activity in South
Asia:
agriculture
132. This is essential to break
the cycle of poverty in India:
education:
133. Reason why farming is
impractical in Nepal & Bhutan:
Rugged terrain, little arable
land
134. Goal of every religious
Hindu:
Freedom, or liberation, from
the cycle of birth, death &
rebirth
135. Define: karma
Belief that all good and bad
deeds we perform will come
back to us in this life, or the
next
136. Define: guru :
A person who teaches through
a good example or a good life
137. He led the struggle
against the British rule of
India:
137. Mohandas Gandhi
138. Condition of the Ganges
River:
138. Very polluted
139. Worst result of British
rule in India:
139. Indians were made to
feel like second-class citizens
in their own country
140. Mountain which is a
sacred symbol of Japan:
140. Mt. Fuji
141. Two most important river
of China:
141. Chang Jiang (Yangtze)
and the Huang He (Yellow)
142. Vast desert that
stretches across parts of
China & Mongolia:
142. Gobi Desert
143. Name of world’s largest
dam & the river it is being built
on:
143. Three Gorges Dam/
Chang Jiang
144. Describe the climate of
China:
144. Various climate zones,
similar to those of the
United States
145. China’s first dynasty that
began in the 1700s B.C.:
145. Shang
146. China gets its name
from the______Dynasty.
China’s last dynasty was
the______Dynasty, which
lasted until 1911.
Qin/ Qing
147. Europe gained access to
th
Chinese markets in the 19
century because:
China’s government was
inefficient and its military was
weak
148. Put the following leaders
in the order of when they
influenced China:
Sun Yat-sen
Pu Yi (last
emperor of China) Mao
Zedong
Chiang Kaishek
Pu Yi, Sun Yat-sen,
Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Zedong
149. Who defeated the
Nationalists in 1949 for control
of China & Who led China in
1949?
Communists under Mao Zedong
150. Where does most
farming occur in China?
Eastern river basins
151. What is the industrial
heartland of China?
Northeast China
152. East Asian countries
most influenced by China:
Korea and Japan
153. Important Chinese
inventions include:
153. Paper, gunpowder,
compass, porcelain, silk,
fireworks, cast iron,
moveable type
154. Chinese philosopher
who stressed education and
obedience to authority for a
well-ordered society:
154. Confucius
155. This tradition is based
on teachings of Lao-tzu who
stressed harmony in the
individual & the universe:
155. Daoism/ Taoism
156. China’s population
is___________; most people
live in the_______________.
156. 1.3 billion/ east
157. The great conqueror of
Mongolia was named:
157. Ghengis Khan:
158. Chiang Kai-shek & the
Nationalists fled to________in
1949.
158. Taiwan
159. Type of government
Mongolia had for over 60
years:
159. Communist
160. What were the Three
Kingdoms of Korea:
160. Koguryo, Paekche, Silla
161. Who controlled Korea
from 1910 to 1945?
Japan
162. 1950-1953: what was
occurring on the Korean
Peninsula:
Korean War
163. What happened to the
Korean Peninsula after 1953?
It was divided into two
countries: Communist North
Korea & non-Communist
South Korea
164. The most populated
country on the Korean
Peninsula
is________________; its capital
is_______________.
164. South Korea/ Seoul
165. Pyongyang is the
_______________.
165. North Korea’s capital &
largest city
166. What does the red circle
on the flag of Japan
represent?
166. The sun goddess
167. Where do most of the
Japanese people live?
167. Large and small cities
168. What is Japan’s main
island? :
168. Honshu
169. December 7, 1941:
169. Japanese Imperial Army
attacked the U.S. at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii – the U.S.
enters WWII
170. Which clan, who claimed
descent from the sun
goddess, became the first
emperors of Japan?
170. Yamato
171. Japan’s capital, and the
largest city on earth,
is__________.
171. Tokyo
172. These generals of the
emperor’s army ruled Japan
for about 700 years:
172. shoguns
173. In the 1850s, who forced
Japan to end its isolation from
the world, using “gunboat
diplomacy”
173. The United States Navy
under Commodore Matthew
Perry
174. What is significant about
the cities of Hiroshima &
Nagasaki?
174. both cities were
destroyed by atomic bombs
dropped
by the U.S. at the end of
World War II
175. Which Japanese city is a
monument to Japanese
culture?
175. Kyoto
176. Compare the Japanese
school system with that of the
U.S.:
175. schools in Japan are
much more structured & they
require more years to
complete with shorter
vacations
177. Define: global economy
177. the merging of regional
economies in which nations
become dependent on each
other for goods & services
178. What are sweatshops?
178. workplaces where
people work long hours for low
pay under poor conditions to
enrich manufacturers
179. Define: outback
179. The dry, unpopulated
inland region of Australia
180. Often called the world’s
largest coral reef:
180. The Great Barrier Reef
off the northeast coast of
Australia
181. Define: archipelago
181. A set of closely grouped
islands
182. Difference between high
islands and low islands:
182. high islands were
formed by volcanoes; low
islands were formed from
coral reefs
183. Why did European
countries & Japan seek
control in Southeast Asia?
183. to obtain wealth
184. Why did the United
States become involved in
Vietnam?
184. to prevent the spread of
Communism from North
Vietnam into South Vietnam
185. What was Indochina?
185. a French colony made
up of Cambodia, Laos, and
Vietnam
186. What was the result of
the Vietnam War: 1957-1975?
186. South Vietnam
surrendered and the North
reunited the country as a
Communist nation
187. What influences appear
in Southeast Asia’s sculpture
& architecture?
187. Hinduism & Buddhism
188. Which country in
Southeast Asia was most
affected by the 2004
Tsunami?
188. Indonesia
189. Three regions of
Oceania:
189. Micronesia, Melanesia,
and Polynesia
190. Define: subsistence
activity:
190. Activity in which a family
produces only the food,
clothing, and shelter they
themselves need.
191. Who first settled New
Zealand?
191. the Maori
192. Who were Australia’s
original inhabitants?
192. The Aboriginal people
193. Who conquered the
Australia’s Aboriginal people
and New Zealand’s Maori?
193. The British
194. Define: assimilation:
194. Process in which a
minority group gradually gives
up its culture and adopts the
culture of a majority group
195. What was the purpose of
the Land Rights Act of 1976?
195. It gave Aboriginal people
the right to claim land in the
Northwest Territory of
Australia
196. Define: industrialization:
196. The growth of industry in
a country or a society
197. Define: push-pull
factors:
197. They are those factors
that cause people to leave
their homeland and that attract
people to other countries