Transcript Egypt and Nubia Collide

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War and violence after Middle Kingdom
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Queen Ahhotep – helped drive out Hyksos
Kahmose – won victory over the Hyksos
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Succeeded by weak pharaohs and power struggles
among rival nobles
Invaded and destroyed by Hyksos
Successor drove them out of Egypt completely
Pharaohs of New Kingdom sought to
strengthen Egypt by building an empire
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Wealthier and more powerful than ever
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Became conquerors – bronze weapons and
two-wheeled chariots
Army included archers, charioteers, and
infantry
Hatshepsut (Woman Pharaoh)
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Her stepson (Thutmose III)was a young child at the
time
Encouraged trade instead of war
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more warlike than his stepmother
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Possibly murdered his stepmother
Led numerous victorious invasions into
Palestine and Syria
Egyptian armies pushed farther into Nubia
(region of Africa that straddled the upper Nile
River)
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Returned to Egypt carrying gold,cattle, ivory, and
slaves
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Came into conflict with Hittites when pushing
into Palestine and Syria
Battle of Kadesh
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Fought to a standstill
Ramses II – pharaoh that made a treaty with
Hittite king that promised “peace and
brotherhood between them forever”
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Rulers of this New Kingdom built palaces,
temples, and tombs
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Hid tombs beneath desert cliffs
Built in the Valley of the Kings
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After Rames II dies all of Easter Mediterranean
suffered a wave of invasions
Both Egypt and Hittite Empire attacked by
“people of the sea”
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Not identified yet
Egypt never regains power and breaks up into
regional units
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Erected own walls for defense
Egypt falls to its neighbors – the Libyans
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After Egypt declines Nubia establishes the
Kushite dynasty on the Egyptian throne
Nubia is South of Egypt
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Regains independence when Egypt declines
Restored Egyptian way of life
 Tried to do this by conquering Egypt and taking over
Libyan rulers
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Kushite King Piankhi led an army down the
Nile and overthrew the Libyan dynasty
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United the entire Nile Valley
Assyrians conquer Egypt around 671 B.C.
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Kushites move South to Meroe after defeat
Becomes active in trade with Africa, Arabia,
and India
Meroe had a lot of rainfall and had tons of iron
ore
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Becomes center for manufacturing of weapons and
tools
Got luxury items from India and Arabia in return
Meroe begins to decline after 4 centuries
Rise of Aksum -> dominated North African
trade with a seaport along Red Sea
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Describe the pro’s and con’s of Egypt shifting
to an empire building nation. Describe the
good and bad that can result in this and explain
the type of place that Egypt should be