Transcript Amenemhet III - SMGolden.com

Searching for Moses
Derived from a work by David Down,
Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal (TJ)
15(1) 2001 p.63
Searching for Moses
• The Bible indicates the Exodus took place
around 1446 BC.
• According to modern historians, this aligns
with the Egyptian 18th dynasty.
• There is no evidence of the Exodus,
Moses, or the plagues, in the 18th dynasty.
• Nor is there evidence of an invasion of
Canaan under Joshua during this period.
Therefore…
Searching for Moses
Moses did not exist!
Searching for Moses
That’s what modern historians have
concluded.
That’s what modern historians want you to
conclude.
Searching for Moses
However…
What is the possibility that modern historians
are wrong?
There are a number of scholars who claim
that a gross error in chronology has been
made in calculating the dates of Egyptian
history, and that these dates should be
reduced by centuries.
Searching for Moses
• Such re-dating would bring the 12th
dynasty to the time of Moses.
• There us MUCH evidence in the 12th
dynasty to support the Biblical records.
Searching for Moses
In the 12th to 13th dynasties, we find
abundant evidence for
• The presence of large numbers of Semitic
slaves
• The devastation of Egypt
• The sudden departure of those slaves
Searching for Moses
If you adjust the time of the secular
chronology, you also find
• Toppled walls at Jericho
• Evidence of a great fire at Jericho that had
been deliberately set
Searching for Moses
One of the last kings of the 12th dynasty was
Sesostris III
(also written as Senwosret III or Khakhaure Senusret III)
Searching for Moses
• His statues and images depict him as a
cruel tyrant quite
capable of inflicting
harsh slavery on
his subjects.
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• His son was Amenemhet III who was
equally disagreeable.
(also written as Amenemhat III
or Amenemes III)
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• Amenemhet III had an enigmatic son
named Amenemhet IV.
• Amenemhet IV mysteriously disappeared
off the scene before the death of
Amenemhet III.
Searching for Moses
Sesostris III or Amenemhet III, it’s unclear
which, had a daughter named Sobekneferu.
(also called Sebekneferu, Skemiophris, Sobkhotpe IV, and Nefrusobek)
Searching for Moses
• She had no children
• She regularly went to the Nile to bathe
– Because she needed a bath?
No. The palace most certainly had
baths.
– Because the river god, Hapi, was the
god of fertility.
– She was praying to the god of fertility for
a child.
Searching for Moses
Sobekneferu wanted a child.
• When a basket carrying a baby arrived to
her on the Nile, it was only natural for her
to conclude it was Hapi’s answer to her
prayers.
• This child was named Amenemhet IV by
Sobekneferu.
Searching for Moses
When Amenemhet III died, there was no
son to take the throne.
Where did Amenemhet IV go?
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He fled from Egypt into Midian
for forty years.
We know him as Moses.
Searching for Moses
• In the absence of Amenemhet IV,
Sobekneferu ascended the throne and
ruled as Pharaoh for eight years.
• When she died, it was the end of the 12th
dynasty.
Searching for Moses
It is widely held that Semitic slaves built
many structures in the 12th dynasty
including some of the of the
“Middle Period” pyramids.
We know these Semitic slaves as Israelites.
(Exodus 1:8-11)
Searching for Moses
• Excavation of Kahun has revealed that
“Asiatics” were present in the town in
considerable numbers. They have no
explanation for this.
• The excavators could not identify the
Semitic slaves with the Israelites because
they had already concluded the Biblical
events took place three or more centuries
later than the 12th dynasty.
Searching for Moses
So, there are records of slavery during the
reigns of the last rulers of the 12th dynasty.
After that was a period of many short
rulerships and general anarchy for several
years.
Then Neferhotep I took the throne.
Searching for Moses
Khaskemre-Neferhotep I
was the Pharaoh from
whom Moses demanded
Israel’s release.
Searching for Moses
The excavators found wooden boxes under
the floors of many houses in Kahun. The
boxes contained babies, sometimes two or
three to a box, some aged only a few
months at death.
Searching for Moses
Shortly after the infant burials, the slaves
suddenly disappeared off the scene,
abandoning tools and other possessions in
the shops and houses.
The departure appears to have been sudden
and unpremeditated.
Searching for Moses
The Ten Plagues
Were Real
In the Leiden Museum in Holland is a
papyrus which is a copy of a papyrus from
an earlier “unidentified” Egyptian dynasty
(likely the 13th) which reads:
Searching for Moses
“Plague stalks through the land and blood is
everywhere… Nay, but the river is blood… Nay,
but gates, columns and walls are consumed with
fire…. Nay, but men are few. He that lays his
brother in the ground is everywhere…. Nay, but
the son of the high-born man is no longer to be
recognized…. The stranger people from outside
are come into Egypt…. Nay, but corn has
perished everywhere. People are stripped of
clothing, perfume and oil. Everyone says, ‘there is
no more.’ The storehouse is bare…. It has come
to this. The king has been taken away by poor
men.”
Searching for Moses
According to ancient historian Manetho,
Neferhotep I was the last king to rule before
“the Hyskos occupied Egypt
‘without a battle’.”
Searching for Moses
Without a battle?
Where was the Egyptian army?
It was at the bottom of the Red Sea.
Searching for Moses
The mummy of Khaskemre-Neferhotep I has
never been found.
Where is the body?
At the bottom of the Red Sea.
Searching for Moses
“But I thought the name of Pharaoh at this
time was Rameses.”
In the movie, “The Ten Commandments,” the
Pharaoh was named Rameses.
This is a misunderstanding of what the Bible
says.
Searching for Moses
The Bible does not mention a Pharaoh
named Rameses, but refers to the region of
northeastern Egypt.
(See Genesis 47:11; Exodus 1:11; Exodus 12:37; and
Numbers 33:5)
Searching for Moses
So Joseph settled his father and his brothers in Egypt and
gave them property in the best part of the land, the district
of Rameses, as Pharaoh directed.
Genesis 47:11
So they put slave masters over them to oppress them with
forced labor, and they built Pithom and Rameses as store
cities for Pharaoh.
Exodus. 1:11
The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth.
Exodus 12:37a
The Israelites left Rameses and camped at Succoth.
Numbers 33:5
Searching for Moses
Rameses, as mentioned in the Bible, is a
location and can be linked to an Egyptian
word meaning “door of two roads.”
Searching for Moses
It was the point
at which
travelers
leaving
the Nile Delta
of Egypt traveling to the East had to
choose either the road to Canaan heading
north, or Succoth, heading south, because
the desert wilderness was directly East.
Searching for Moses
The Israelites left Rameses and headed
south to Succoth.
Searching for Moses
In later times, Rameses was a name used
by several Pharaohs.
It is likely they used the name to indicate
they were the door of two roads:
Prosperity or poverty
Joy or despair
Life or death
Searching for Moses
Pharaoh’s of the Bible
Amenemhet I
(also called Amenemhat I, or
Amenemes I )
Sesostris I
Joseph sold into Egypt.
(also called Senwosret I, Senusret, or
Khakhaure Senusret I )
Ameni
Joseph elevated to Governor.
This is a person referenced in Egyptian
inscriptions at the time of Sesostris I
who had charge of the treasury and
public works.
I believe this was Joseph.
Searching for Moses
Pharaoh’s of the Bible
Sesostris II
Amenemhet II
Sesostris III
Oppressed the Hebrews. This was the
one who decreed all the children of the
Hebrew slaves two years and under be
slain.
Amenemhet III
This was Sesostris’ III son who tried to
kill Moses. Moses fled from Egypt.
Exodus 2:15
Searching for Moses
Pharaoh’s of the Bible
Amenemhet IV I believe this was Moses.
Amenemhet IV disappeared off the
scene before Amenemhet III died.
Sobekneferu
Either the daughter of Sesostris III or
Amenemhet III. She is the one who
drew Moses out of the Nile and raised
him. She ascended to the throne after
Amenemhet III’s death and ruled eight
years. When she died, the 12th
dynasty ended.
Searching for Moses
Pharaoh’s of the Bible
Khasekemre-Neferhotep I
Forty years into the 13th dynasty, this is
the Pharaoh from whom Moses
demanded Israel’s release. His
mummy is not in its tomb.
Where is his body?
At the bottom of the Red Sea.
Then the Hyskos took over Egypt
without a battle.
Without a battle? How?
The entire army was at the bottom of
the Red Sea.
Searching for Moses
Pharaoh’s of the Bible
Rameses
As mentioned in the Bible, is a
location. It is associated with an
Egyptian word which means “Door of
two roads.”
Pharaohs in later times (including the
18th dynasty) called themselves
Rameses attributing dichotomous
power to themselves.
Searching for Moses
•
•
•
•
So, there is evidence for
Israelite slavery in Egypt
Sudden disappearance of these slaves
The plagues
And the destruction of Pharaoh and the
Egyptian army
If you look in the right time period.