Transcript Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

Eating Disorders
Marci Witkamp
Casey Christoffersen
Ilise Brown
Bulimia Nervosa
Casey Christoffersen
 Bulimia
is an illness in which a person
binges on food or has regular episodes of
overeating and feels a loss of control. The
affected person then uses various
methods -- such as vomiting or laxative
abuse -- to prevent weight gain.
 Many (but not all) people with bulimia
also have anorexia nervosa
Bulimia
 Many
more women than men have
bulimia.
 The disorder is most common in
adolescent girls and young women.
 The affected person is usually aware that
her eating pattern is abnormal and may
feel fear or guilt with the binge-purge
episodes.
Bulimia
 People
with bulimia
are often at a normal
weight, but they may
see themselves as
being overweight.
 Because the person's
weight is often
normal, other people
may not notice this
eating disorder.
Bulimia
 The
exact cause of
bulimia is unknown.
 Some blame it on
the media because
of its modern
definition of what’s
beautiful and sexy.
Genetic
Culture
Psychological
Factors
Society
Causes
Trauma
Family
 In
bulimia, eating binges may occur as
often as several times a day for many
months.
 People with bulimia often eat large
amounts of high-calorie foods, usually in
secret. People can feel a lack of control
over their eating during these episodes.
 Binges lead to self-disgust, which causes
purging to prevent weight gain.
Binge eating/purging
 Purging
may include:
• Forcing ones self to vomit
• Excessive exercise
• Use of laxatives, enemas, or diuretics (water
pills)
 Purging
often brings a sense of relief.
Purging
 Symptoms
of Bulimia can include:
• Compulsive exercise
• Throwing away packages of laxatives, diet pills,
emetics (drugs that cause vomiting) or
diuretics
• Regularly going to the bathroom right after
meals
• Suddenly eating large amounts of food or
buying large amounts of food that disappear
right away
Symptoms
A
dental exam may show cavities or gum
infections (such as gingivitis). The enamel
of the teeth may be worn away or pitted
because of too much exposure to the acid
in vomit.
Signs and Tests
A physical examination may also show:
 Broken
blood vessels in the eyes (from the
strain of vomiting)
 Dry mouth
 Pouch-like look to the corners of the mouth
due to swollen salivary glands
 Rashes and pimples
 Small cuts and calluses across the tops of the
finger joints from forcing oneself to vomit
Signs and Tests
People with bulimia rarely have to go to the
hospital, unless:
 Binge-purge cycles have led to anorexia
 Drugs are needed to help them stop
purging
 Major depression is present
Treatment
Most often, a stepped approach is used for patients with
bulimia. The treatment approach depends on how severe
the bulimia is, and the person's response to treatments:
 Support
groups may be helpful for patients with mild
conditions who do not have any health problems.
 Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and nutritional
therapy are the preferred first treatments for bulimia
that does not respond to support groups.
 Antidepressants known as selective serotoninreuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often used for
bulimia. A combination of CBT and SSRIs is very
effective if CBT is not effective alone.
Treatment
Bulimia can be dangerous. It may lead to serious
medical complications over time. For example,
vomiting over and over again puts stomach acid in
the esophagus which can permanently damage this
area.
Possible complications include:
Constipation
Dehydration
Dental cavities
Electrolyte imbalances
Hemorrhoids
Pancreatitis
Swelling of the throat
Tears of the esophagus from too much vomiting
COMPLICATIONS
Anorexia
A: It’s a eating
disorder with three
key factors.
The Factors are:
 refusal to maintain
a healthy body
weight
 an intense fear of
gaining weight
 a distorted body
image
What is Anorexia?
Anorexia is a serious and potentially
deadly eating disorder, more importantly
it’s a psychological disorder.
 Thoughts about dieting, food, and your
body may take up most of your day—
leaving little or no time for friends, family,
and other activities you would enjoy. Life
becomes a relentless pursuit of thinness
and going to extremes to lose weight.
 Many people deny of having a problem.
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Someone who servers
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Life of anorexia
Signs and Symptoms
(psychological and behavioral)
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Seriously Underweight
Irritable or easily upset
Hard time interacting
with others
Lack of sleep
Fatigue
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Lack of attention
Become compulsive
Constantly thinking about
food
Eager to please and strive
for perfection
Exercise constantly
Other addiction such as:
alcohol, drugs, and
gambling
Distorted body images
(physically)
Slow heart rate
Low blood pressure
Constipation
Abdominal pain
Damage in liver
Changes in enzyme
level
 Disturbance in the
menstrual cycle
 Increased or decreased
of urination
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Thinning of the bones
Electrolyte imbalance
Anemia
High cholesterol levels
Dry, flaky skin
Hair and nails become
brittle
Tooth lose
Yellowish skin
Signs and Symptoms
95% of those affected
are female, more of
them teens.
 Males also are affected
by this disorder.
 Mostly Caucasians
 More common in middle
and upper groups
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Who at risk?
We as people have not figured out why this
disorder comes about, but we do think there
are many factors that play a big role in it
such as:
 Genetics
 Family pressure
 Culture
 Personality disorder
 Hormonal Abnormalities
 Peer pressure
 Media
Cause of anorexia
Admit you have a problem
Talk to someone
Stay away from people, places, and activities
that trigger your obsession with being thin
 Seek professional help
Set goals to do with the following:
 Get back to a healthy weight
 Start to eat more food
 Change how you think about yourself and
food
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Treatment
It can lead to suicide
 Cardiac arrest
 DEATH
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Outcomes of the disorder
It estimated that one out of ever 100 will
develop anorexia
 6% of anorexia victims die from
complications of the disease.
 20% of people with anorexia remain
chronically ill from the condition.
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Statics
Websites
 www.anorexiatreatment.com
 www.remudaranch.com/AnorexiaHelp
 www.anad.org
Telephone #’s
 ANAD (Anorexia Nervosa and Associated
Disorders) 630-577-1330
 Center for Change 801-224-8255
Helpline
Binge Eating
Disorder (BED)
Compulsive Overeating
BINGE EATING DISORDER
characterized primarily by periods of uncontrolled,
impulsive, or continuous eating beyond the point of feeling
comfortably full. While there is no purging, there may be
sporadic fasts or repetitive diets and often feelings of
shame or self-hatred after a binge. People who overeat
compulsively may struggle with anxiety, depression, and
loneliness, which can contribute to their unhealthy
episodes of binge eating. Body weight may vary from
normal to mild, moderate, or severe obesity.
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People with binge eating disorder often eat an
unusually large amount of food and feel out of control
during the binges. Unlike bulimia or anorexia, binge
eaters do not throw up their food, exercise a lot, or
eat only small amounts of only certain foods. Because
of this, binge eaters are often overweight or obese.
People with binge eating disorder also may:
Eat more quickly than usual during binge episodes
Eat until they are uncomfortably full
Eat when they are not hungry
Eat alone because of embarrassment
Feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty after overeating
What is it?
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Causes of binge eating and compulsive overeating
Generally, it takes a combination of things to develop binge eating disorder — including a person's
genes, emotions, and experience.
Biological causes of binge eating disorder
Biological abnormalities can contribute to binge eating. For example, the hypothalamus (the part
of the brain that controls appetite) may not be sending correct messages about hunger and
fullness. Researchers have also found a genetic mutation that appears to cause food addiction.
Finally, there is evidence that low levels of the brain chemical serotonin play a role in compulsive
eating.
Social and cultural causes of binge eating disorder
Social pressure to be thin can add to the shame binge eaters feel and fuel their emotional eating.
Some parents unwittingly set the stage for binge eating by using food to comfort, dismiss, or
reward their children. Children who are exposed to frequent critical comments about their bodies
and weight are also vulnerable, as are those who have been sexually abused in childhood.
Psychological causes of binge eating disorder
Depression and binge eating are strongly linked. Many binge eaters are either depressed or have
been before; others may have trouble with impulse control and managing and expressing their
feelings. Low self-esteem, loneliness, and body dissatisfaction may also contribute to binge eating.
Binge eating and stress
One of the most common reasons for binge eating is an attempt to manage unpleasant emotions
such as stress, depression, loneliness, fear, and anxiety. When you have a bad day, it can seem
like food is your only friend. Binge eating can temporarily make feelings such as stress, sadness,
anxiety, depression, and boredom evaporate into thin air. But the relief is only very fleeting.
Causes
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Effects of binge eating disorder
Binge eating leads to a wide variety of physical, emotional, and social
problems. People with binge eating disorder report more health issues, stress,
insomnia, and suicidal thoughts than people without an eating disorder.
Depression, anxiety, and substance abuse are common side effects as well. But
the most prominent effect of binge eating disorder is weight gain.
Obesity and binge eating
Over time, compulsive overeating usually leads to obesity. Obesity, in turn,
causes numerous medical complications, including:
Type 2 diabetes
Gallbladder disease
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Heart disease
Certain types of cancer
Osteoarthritis
Joint and muscle pain
Gastrointestinal problems
Sleep apnea
Effects
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Signs and symptoms of binge eating disorder
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People with binge eating disorder are embarrassed and ashamed of their eating habits, so
they often try to hide their symptoms and eat in secret. Many binge eaters are overweight
or obese, but some are of normal weight.
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Behavioral symptoms of binge eating and compulsive overeating
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Inability to stop eating or control what you’re eating
Rapidly eating large amounts of food
Eating even when you’re full
Hiding or stockpiling food to eat later in secret
Eating normally around others, but gorging when you’re alone
Eating continuously throughout the day, with no planned mealtimes
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Emotional symptoms of binge eating and compulsive overeating
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Feeling stress or tension that is only relieved by eating
Embarrassment over how much you’re eating
Feeling numb while bingeing—like you’re not really there or you’re on auto-pilot.
Never feeling satisfied, no matter how much you eat
Feeling guilty, disgusted, or depressed after overeating
Desperation to control weight and eating habits
Signs and Symptoms
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How to stop binge eating
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It can be difficult to overcome binge eating and food
addiction. Unlike other addictions, your “drug” is necessary
for survival, so you don’t have the option of avoiding it.
Instead, you must develop a healthier relationship with
food—a relationship that’s based on meeting your
nutritional needs, not your emotional ones.
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In order to stop the unhealthy pattern of binge eating, it’s
important to start eating for health and nutrition. Healthy
eating involves making balanced meal plans, choosing
healthy foods when eating out, and making sure you’re
getting the right vitamins and minerals in your diet.
How to Stop
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10 Strategies for Overcoming Binge Eating
Manage stress. One of the most important aspects of controlling binge eating is to find alternate ways to
handle stress and other overwhelming feelings without using food. These may include exercising, meditating,
using sensory relaxation strategies, and practicing simple breathing exercises.
Eat 3 meals a day plus healthy snacks. Eating breakfast jump starts your metabolism in the morning. Follow
breakfast with a balanced lunch and dinner, and healthy snacks in between. Stick to scheduled mealtimes, as
skipping meals often leads to binge eating later in the day.
Avoid temptation. You’re much more likely to overeat if you have junk food, desserts, and unhealthy snacks in
the house. Remove the temptation by clearing your fridge and cupboards of your favorite binge foods.
Stop dieting. The deprivation and hunger of strict dieting can trigger food cravings and the urge to overeat.
Instead of dieting, focus on eating in moderation. Find nutritious foods that you enjoy and eat only until you feel
content, not uncomfortably stuffed. Avoid banning certain foods as this can make you crave them even more.
Exercise. Not only will exercise help you lose weight in a healthy way, but it also lifts depression, improves
overall health, and reduces stress. The natural mood-boosting effects of exercise can help put a stop to
emotional eating.
Fight boredom. Instead of snacking when you're bored, distract yourself. Take a walk, call a friend, read, or
take up a hobby such as painting or gardening.
Get enough sleep. If you're tired, you may want to keep eating in order to boost your energy. Take a nap or
go to bed earlier instead.
Listen to your body. Learn to distinguish between physical and emotional hunger. If you ate recently and don't
have a rumbling stomach, you're probably not really hungry. Give the craving time to pass.
Keep a food diary. Write down what you eat, when, how much, and how you're feeling when you eat. You may
see patterns emerge that reveal the connection between your moods and binge eating.
Get support. You're more likely to succumb to binge eating triggers if you lack a solid support network. Talking
helps, even if it’s not with a professional. Lean on family and friends, join a support group, and if possible
consult a therapist.
Help Yourself
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Helping someone with binge eating disorder
Warning signs that a loved one is bingeing include finding piles of empty food packages
and wrappers, cupboards and refrigerators that have been cleaned out, and hidden stashes
of high-calorie or junk food. If you suspect that your friend or family member has binge
eating disorder, talk to the person about your concerns. It may seem daunting to start
such a delicate conversation, and your loved one may deny bingeing or become angry and
defensive, but there’s a chance that he or she will welcome the opportunity to talk about
their painful struggle.
If the person shuts you out at first, don’t give up; it may take some time before your loved
one is willing to admit to having a problem. And remember: as difficult as it is to know that
someone you love may be have an eating disorder, you can’t force someone to change.
The decision to seek recovery has to come from them. You can help by offering your
compassion, encouragement, and support throughout the treatment process.
Encourage them to seek help. The longer an eating disorder remains undiagnosed and
untreated, the more difficult it will be to overcome, so urge your loved one to see a health
professional.
Be supportive. Try to listen without judgment and make sure the person knows you care.
If your loved one slips up on the road to recovery, remind them that it doesn’t mean they
can’t quit binge eating for good.
Avoid insults, lectures, or guilt trips. Binge eaters feel bad enough about themselves
and their behavior already. Lecturing, getting upset, or issuing ultimatums to a binge eater
will only increase stress and make the situation worse. Instead, make it clear that you care
about the person’s health and happiness and you’ll continue to be there for him or her.
Set a good example by eating healthily, exercising, and managing stress without food.
Take care of yourself. Know when to seek advice for yourself from a counselor or health
professional. Dealing with an eating disorder can be stressful, and it will help if you have
your own support system in place.
How to Help
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Binge eating disorder is the most common eating
disorder in the U.S
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It affects more than eight million men and women
and accounts for three times the number of those
diagnosed with anorexia and bulimia together.
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About 2 percent of all adults in the United States (as
many as 4 million Americans) have binge eating
disorder. Binge eating disorder affects women slightly
more often than men.
BED Stats
Pressure to be Perfect
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General:
• Almost 50% of people with eating disorders meet the criteria for depression
• Only 1 in 10 men and women with eating disorders receive treatment. Only 35% of people that receive treatment for eating disorders get treatment at a specialized
facility for eating disorders
• Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder (anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder) in the U.S
• Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness
Students:
• 91% of women surveyed on a college campus had attempted to control their weight through dieting. 22% dieted “often” or “always.
• 86% report onset of eating disorder by age 20; 43% report onset between ages of 16 and 20
• Anorexia is the third most common chronic illness among adolescents
• 95% of those who have eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25
• 25% of college-aged women engage in bingeing and purging as a weight-management technique
• The mortality rate associated with anorexia nervosa is 12 times higher than the death rate associated with all causes of death for females 15-24 years old
• Over one-half of teenage girls and nearly one-third of teenage boys use unhealthy weight control behaviors such as skipping meals, fasting, smoking cigarettes,
vomiting, and taking laxatives.
• In a survey of 185 female students on a college campus, 58% felt pressure to be a certain weight, and of the 83% that dieted for weight loss, 44% were of normal
weight
Men:
• An estimated 10-15% of people with anorexia or bulimia are male
• Men are less likely to seek treatment for eating disorders because of the perception that they are “woman’s diseases.”
• Among gay men, nearly 14% appeared to suffer from bulimia and over 20% appeared to be anorexic.
Media, Perception, Dieting:
• 95% of all dieters will regain their lost weight within 5 years
• 35% of “normal dieters” progress to pathological dieting. Of those, 20-25% progress to partial or full-syndrome eating disorders
• The body type portrayed in advertising as the ideal is possessed naturally by only 5% of American females
• 47% of girls in 5th-12th grade reported wanting to lose weight because of magazine pictures
• 69% of girls in 5th-12th grade reported that magazine pictures influenced their idea of a perfect body shape
• 42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want to be thinner (Collins, 1991).
• 81% of 10 year olds are afraid of being fat (Mellin et al., 1991).
For Women:
• Women are much more likely than men to develop an eating disorder. Only an estimated 5 to 15 percent of people with anorexia or bulimia are male
• An estimated 0.5 to 3.7 percent of women suffer from anorexia nervosa in their lifetime. Research suggests that about 1 percent of female adolescents have anorexia
• An estimated 1.1 to 4.2 percent of women have bulimia nervosa in their lifetime
• An estimated 2 to 5 percent of Americans experience binge-eating disorder in a 6-month period
• About 50 percent of people who have had anorexia develop bulimia or bulimic patterns
• 20% of people suffering from anorexia will prematurely die from complications related to their eating disorder, including suicide and heart problems
Mortality Rates:
Although eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder, the mortality rates reported on those who suffer from eating disorders can vary
considerably between studies and sources. Part of the reason why there is a large variance in the reported number of deaths caused by eating disorders is because those
who suffer from an eating disorder may ultimately die of heart failure, organ failure, malnutrition or suicide. Often, the medical complications of death are reported
instead of the eating disorder that compromised a person’s health.
According to a study done by colleagues at the American Journal of Psychiatry (2009), crude mortality rates were:
• 4% for anorexia nervosa
• 3.9% for bulimia nervosa
• 5.2% for eating disorder not otherwise specified
Athletes:
• Risk Factors: In judged sports – sports that score participants – prevalence of eating disorders is 13% (compared with 3% in refereed sports)
• Significantly higher rates of eating disorders found in elite athletes (20%), than in a female control group (9%)
• Female athletes in aesthetic sports (e.g. gynmastics, ballet, figure skating) found to be at the highest risk for eating disorders
• A comparison of the psychological profiles of athletes and those with anorexia found these factors in common: perfectionism, high self-expectations, competitiveness,
hyperactivity, repetitive exercise routines, compulsiveness, drive, tendency toward depression, body image distortion, pre-occupation with dieting and weight.21
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Eating Disorder Statistics
Over one person's lifetime, at least 50,000 individuals will die as a direct result of their eating disorder.
Without treatment, up to twenty percent (20%) of people with serious eating disorders die. With treatment,
that number falls to two to three percent (2-3%). Eating Disorders affect a large number of people in the
United States.
The statistics state that:
* Approximately 7 million girls and women struggle with eating disorders
* Approximately 1 million boys and men struggle with eating disorders
Amount of people affected by specific eating disorders:
* 0.5% - 3.7% of females suffer from Anorexia Nervosa in their lifetime
* 1.1% - 4.2% of females suffer from Bulimia Nervosa in their lifetime
* 2% - 5% of the American population experience Binge Eating Disorder
* 10%-25% of all those battling anorexia will die as a direct result of the eating disorder
* Up to 19% of college aged women in America are bulimic Age at onset of an eating disorder:
* 10% report onset at 10 years or younger
* 33% report onset between ages of 11-15
* 43% report onset between ages of 16-20
* 86% report onset of illness by the age of 20
College
* As many as 10% of college women suffer from a clinical or nearly clinical eating disorder, including 5.1%
who suffer from bulimia nervosa
* Studies indicate that by their first year of college, 4.5 to 18% of women and 0.4% of men have a history
of bulimia and that as many as 1% of females between the ages of 12 and 18 have anorexia
With treatment, about sixty percent (60%) of people with eating disorders recover. In spite of treatment,
about twenty percent (20%) of people with eating disorders make only partial recoveries. The remaining
twenty percent (20%) do not improve, even with treatment.
Up to 40 percent of people who are obese may be binge eaters.
The eating disorder known as binge eating disorder affects approximately 1-5% of the U.S. population,
according to the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA). The most recently described eating disorder,
binge eating disorder is also likely the most common eating disorder.
Binge eating disorder is a mental illness that is characterized by recurring episodes of binge eating without
efforts of the individual with this illness trying to control their weight by undoing the binge episodes by
purging, excessively exercising, and/or inappropriately using medications like laxatives or diet pills.
Binge eating disorder affects about 3.5% of women and 2% of men over the course of a lifetime, with most
developing the condition during adolescence or early adulthood.