Transcript Eating Disorders - davis.k12.ut.us

Eating Disorders

"Body confidence does not come
from trying to achieve the perfect
body. It comes from embracing the
one you've already got."
FUEL THE BODY YOU HAVE
From the Dietitian's Desk: January 2015
Devrie Pettit, MS, RD, CD

Dove Evolution
Eating Disorders
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Eating disorders
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Affect more that 8
million Americans at
any given time
All forms of eating
disorders can be fatal
1 in 10 people die as a
direct result of their
eating disorder
Males can get eating
disorders but the vast
majority are females
Signs of Eating Disorders

Social isolation.
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Obsession with grades.
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Lack of confidence in performance.
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Obsession with organization of personal space.
Ritualistic eating behaviors, such as cutting food into
small pieces and playing with it.
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High emotions; tearful, uptight, overly sensitive, restless.
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Signs of malnutrition.
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Obsession with calories.
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Menstrual irregularities.
Obsession with weight.
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Loss of hair.
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Light-headedness.
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Distorted body image.
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Blood-shot eyes.
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Wearing layers of baggy clothing to hide thinness.
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Inability to concentrate.
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Nervous at mealtime, avoidance of eating in public.
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Chronic fatigue.
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Patterns of leaving the table directly to go to the
bathroom.
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Hyperactivity – compulsive exercise beyond normal training.
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Decrease in performance.
Running water in the bathroom after meals to hide the
sound of vomiting.
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Recurrent overuse injuries and stress fractures.
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Depression
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Significant weight loss.
Anorexia Nervosa
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People with anorexia
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Restrict caloric intake for
long periods of time
Deliberately starve
themselves
Results in loss of body
weight of at least 15%.
Intense fear of becoming
obese as well as a distorted
body image
Weight loss achieved by
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Avoiding food
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Frenzied exercise
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Sometimes both
The following signs and symptoms are used by the American
Psychiatric Association to define Anorexia Nervosa:
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Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat,
even though they are already under-weight.
Disturbance in the way a person experiences his or
her body (i.e., claiming to “feel fat” even when
emaciated), with an undue influence of body
weight or shape on self-perception.
Weight loss to less than 85% of normal body
weight.
Refusal to maintain body weight over a minimal
normal weight for age and height.
Denial of the seriousness of the current weight
loss.
Absence of at least three consecutive menstrual
cycles.
Bulimia Nervosa
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A cyclical pattern of bingeeating associated with
some type of purging
Purging takes on different
forms:
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Fasting
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Self-induced vomiting
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Excessive exercising
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Use of enemas or
diuretics
The definition used by the American Psychiatric
Association includes:
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Recurrent episodes of binge
eating, characterized by both
of the following:
Eating an unusually large
amount of food in a discrete
period of time
Feeling out of control during
the eating episode and unable
to stop eating or control what
and how much is eaten.
Definition cont.
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Compensating for the food
binge to prevent weight gain,
such as inducing vomiting;
misusing laxatives, enemas,
or other medications; fasting;
or exercising excessively.
To be bulimia
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2 times a week
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3 months
Evaluating self-worth
according to body shape and
weight.
Many individuals (up to 50%)
who have been diagnosed with
anorexia will also develop
symptoms of bulimia.
The Female Athlete Triad
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1.
A term used to describe three
interrelated conditions that can
occur in competitive women
athletes:
Low energy availability which may
be caused by disordered eating
2.
Amenorrhea
3.
Osteoporosis
1. Low Energy Availability
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Trying to prevent any
added fat in order to
keep body weight low
May or may not have
same psychological risk
as a similar athlete
with disordered eating
Can occur in sports in
which a low body
weight is desirable
i.e. Gymnastics, ballet,
distance running, etc
1. Low Energy Availability
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Low energy availability + energy demands of the sport
= energy deficit
Worsened in adolescence do to the energy demands of
growth and development
Energy deficits force body to adapt and begin to
suppress physiological functions that are associated
with normal growth and development
2. Amenorrhea
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Absence of menstruation for 3 or
more consecutive months
High energy expenditure + low
energy intake = amenorrhea
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This alters the secretion of luteinizing
hormone (LH) and estrogen which
control the menstrual cycle
3. Osteoporosis
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Low bone mineral density
Low estrogen secretion interferes
with the females ability to store
calcium in the bones
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Function of estrogen is to
protect against calcium loss from
bone
Increases the athletes
susceptibility to fractures;
especially stress fractures
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Studies found
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Amenorrhea that lasts longer than six
months
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Will likely have a negative effect
on the athletes’ bone mineral
density
Bone loss occurring at a vital time when
bone density should be increasing as the
athlete matures
Causes significant increase in the
susceptibility of problems due to
osteoporosis in the athlete in later years
of life
Long Term Effects of the Female Athlete
Triad
If not treated, the
energy deficit can result
in the following severe
health problems (this list
is not exhaustive):
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Long term osteoporosis
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Cardiac arrest
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Electrolyte imbalance
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Severe dehydration
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Suicide
Prevention
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Preventing persistent energy
deficits
A healthy goal for a desired
training weight of the athlete
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Beneficial to the athletes
performance yet not compromise
health
Use body composition analysis to
establish a minimum
Input from exercise physiologist,
dieticians, or physicians may be
recommended
A training and diet plan
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Provides the adequate energy and
nutrients for the athletes energy
expenditure
Prevention of Eating Disorders
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Any victim of an eating disorder must be approached and handled
extremely carefully.
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Referral for medical treatment is essential!
Help athletes understand restricting their food intake to lose
weight will not help them
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Exercise better
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Look better
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Enhance their overall performances
Actually results in
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Depleted fuel stores
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Amenorrhea
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Stress fractures
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Fainting
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Weakness
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Fatigue
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Ultimately impaired performance
Some athletes may manage to do well for a while without an obvious
decline in performance, but then injuries and lack of energy will catch
up with them.
Treatment
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Treatment until symptoms resolve
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Decrease energy expenditure
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Increase energy intake
Menstruation will return when energy
balance is achieved
Depending on the length and severity of
the osteoporosis there may be long term
effects associated with bone health
especially in the post menopausal years
Getting Rid of eating Disorders
Eating disorders would fade if people could learn to love their
bodies. As a society we must:
1.
Dispel the myth that thinness equals happiness and success.
2.
Discourage the notion that the thinnest athlete is the best athlete.
3.
4.
Love our bodies for what they are, rather than hate them for what
they are not.
Emphasize fit and healthy as more appropriate goals than slender and
skinny.