Transcript File

Disabilities or Differences?
D.C. Everest Junior High
Nicole Held
student
What exactly is a disability?
• Disability: Someone who has a
physical or mental/brain problem
that affects his or her ability to do
normal activities, such as reading,
behavior, speech, hearing,
spelling, memory, math and more
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So, are disabilities really
disabilities or a
difference in the way we
learn?
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IEP
• A legal document
stating how you are
doing in school, lists the
goals you are working
on, and tells about the
modifications and
accommodations you
need to do well.
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SLD: Specific Learning Differences
People with learning disabilities have
average to above average intelligence. They
have problems in a wide range of learning
and/or social difficulties. (Understanding or
remembering speaking, writing, reading,
listening, spelling, mathematics, social
information, emotional maturation,
processing information, organization of
things, time and/or space
• brain "processes" information differently
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More LD Info
• You might be just as smart as someone
sitting next to you in class, but your grades
in certain areas aren't as good. This isn't
because you are dumb, lazy, or anything
else bad. You just learn differently.
• It is like when you go on a car trip and get
stuck in road construction. It takes you a lot
longer to get where you are going.
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Some questions
• Are all LD students alike?
No. But many LD students experience very similar
processing and learning difficulties. And all LD students
get frustrated in school.
• Will I ever get over my learning disability?
A true learning disability never goes away. But, with
understanding and effort you can learn to use your many
strengths to "compensate" for your weaker processing
skills. You may also be able to strengthen your weak
processing skills so that your learning disability is not as
severe. Many LD people are highly creative and "gifted" in
many ways.
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Some types of SLDs
• Dyslexia is simply a fancy word for a
learning disability that involves reading.
• Other similar terms include Dysgraphia
(writing disability) and Dyscalcula (math
disability).
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Some of the causes
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Birth trauma
Heredity
Lead poisoning
Accidents
Incomplete programming: child does not
have enough opportunity to practice
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CD: Cognitive Disability
• Cognitive disabilities can be many different
things. Because of this, the definition of CD
remains wide.
• Have great difficulty in one or more thinking
tasks, problems with life skills, and academic
skills.
• A few reasons a person may have a cognitive
disability are:
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Medical Injury (cancer, brain surgeries. Etc)
Traumatic brain injury
Neurological Impairments
Genetic Disorders’
Birth Trauma
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Some Types of CD
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Down’s Syndrome
Williams Syndrome
Traumatic Brain Injury
Sachs Disease
PKU (Phenylketonuria)
Fragile X
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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SL: Speech and Language
• Problems in communication and related
areas such as oral motor function.
• These range from simple sound substitutions
to the inability to understand or use language
or use the oral-motor mechanism.
• Some causes of speech and language disorders
include hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain
injury, drug abuse, physical impairments such as
cleft lip or palate, and vocal abuse or misuse.
• Frequently, however, the cause is unknown.
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More Speech and Language
• A language disorder is an impairment in the
ability to understand and/or use words in
context, both verbally and nonverbally.
• Some characteristics of language disorders
include improper use of words and their
meanings, inability to express ideas,
inappropriate grammatical patterns, reduced
vocabulary and inability to follow
directions.
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EBD: Emotional Behavioral
Disorders
• Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings, unable
to control actions, mood of unhappiness or
depression, a tendency to develop physical
symptoms or fears associated with personal or
school problems
• Two parts: Emotional and Behavioral
• Emotional Disability refers to things such
as Depression, Bi-polar Disorder, Anxiety
Disorders, and Obsessive Compulsive Dis.
• Behavioral Disorders can be things such as
Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct
Disorders, and Tourette’s.
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EBD Cont.
• An inability to learn that cannot be explained by
intellectual, sensory or health
factors
• An inability to build or maintain
satisfactory interpersonal relationships
with peers and teachers;
• Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under
normal circumstances;
• A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or
depression; and,
• A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears
associated with personal or social
problems.
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OHI: Other Health Impairment
• Chronic or frequent health problems such
as asthma, severe ADHD, diabetes,
epilepsy, heart condition, leukemia, and
sickle cell anemia; that affects how the child
does in school.
• Could also be orthopedic issues such as
Cerebral Palsy or Spina Bifida
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ADHD and ADD
Inattention
• difficulty attending or focusing on a specific task. People may
become distracted within a matter of minutes. Inattentive behavior
may also cause difficulties with staying organized (e.g. losing
things), keeping track of time, completing tasks, and making
careless errors.
Hyperactivity
• difficulty controlling behavior. These people are in constant
motion. They may engage in excessive fiddling, leg swinging, and
squirming in their chair.
Impulsivity
• difficulty controlling impulses. These people do not stop and think
before they act. They say and do whatever comes into their mind
without thinking about the consequences. They might say
something inappropriate and regret it later, blurt out a response to
question before a person is done speaking to them, or have
difficulty waiting for their turn in line.
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Autism
• Problems with social interaction,
communication, development of restricted
and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests,
and activities.
• Diagnosed normally before age three.
• Characteristics often associated with autism
are repetitive activities, resistance to change
or change in daily routines, and unusual
responses to sensory experiences, lack of
social skills, communication problems.
• "Autism" is a lifelong developmental disability.
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Affects of Autism
• Behavior can interferes with the learning
in the following areas:
(1.) Communication
(2.) Social participation
(3.) Activities, interests, and imaginative
development
(4.) Developmental rate and sequences
(5.) Sensory processing
(6.) Cognition/Academics
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