Transcript File

Managing Weight and Eating
Behaviors
DIET
 What is a diet?
Everything you eat and drink?
Losing weight?
Watching what you eat?
Changing what you eat?
What is Body Image?
 Body Image - the
way you see your
body
 What you believe
about your
appearance
•How you feel about
your height, weight,
and shape
•How you feel in
your body, not just
about your body
•We are our worst
critics
Negative body image
 A distorted perception of your
shape
 You think your shape is a sign of
personal failure and everyone else
is attractive
 You feel self-conscious, ashamed,
and anxious about your body
 You feel uncomfortable and
awkward
Positive Body Image
 A clear true
perception of your
shape
 Understanding a
person’s shape says
very little about their
character and value
 Feeling proud and
accepting of your body
http://www.ou.edu/swss/lybd99.gif
Fad Diets
 Popular for a short time – come and go but rarely have a
lasting effect
 Examples
 “Grapefruit diet,” “Cabbage soup diet,” “Hollywood
liquid diet” “fasting” “diet pills”
 Others…
 Risks and Side effects
Weight Cycling (aka “seesaw dieting,” “yo-yo dieting”)
 The cycle of losing, regaining, losing, and regaining
 Rapid ups and downs
Eating Disorders
Eating Disorders
 Females want to be 5’ 8” and 110 lbs
 Males want to be 6’ + and muscular
 Our society is obsessed with being thin along with
psychological pressures result in eating disorders: anorexia
nervosa, and bulimia nervosa
Thousands of
people in the US
Mainly ♀, but ♂ too
What is an Eating Disorder?
 Behaviors surrounding weight and food
issues
Types of Eating Disorders
 Anorexia- Self-starvation
 Bulimia- Binge and purge
 Binge Eating- Compulsive eating
Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms
 Intense fear of weight




http://wso.williams.edu/orgs/peerh/images/anorexia.j
pg
gain
Self-starvation
Loss of menstrual
period
Resistance to maintain
bodyweight
Depressed, low selfesteem and/or poor
body image
Warning Signs
 Distorted body image
 Dramatic weight loss
 Obsessed with weight,




food, calories
Refusal to eat certain
foods
Denial of hunger
Anxiety about gaining
weight
Consistent excuses to
avoid mealtimes
Statistics about Anorexia
 90-95% of victims are female
 0.5-1% of American women suffer from
Anorexia Nervosa
 5-20% will die
 10 million females and 1 million males
struggle with anorexia or bulimia in the U.S.
Health Consequences
 Abnormally slow heart rate and low blood pressure
 Reduction of
bone density
 Muscle loss
and weakness
 Dry hair and skin, hair loss
 Growth of a downy layer of hair
(lanugo) to keep body warm
 Loss of menstrual period
http://www.hairlossadvisory.com/images/hair_loss_remed
y.jpg
Bulimia Nervosa Symptoms
 Regular intake of large
amounts of food
 Self-induced vomiting,
use of laxatives, fasting,
or compulsive
exercising
 Extreme concern with
body weight or shape
 Daily routine
http://nuttre.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/la_bulimia_1.jpg
Warning signs of Bulimia
 Evidence of binge eating
 Evidence of purging behaviors
 Unusual swelling of cheeks or jaw area
 Calluses on back of hands
 Discoloration or staining of teeth
 Withdrawal from friends
Statistics on Bulimia Nervosa
 1-2% of American women struggle
with Bulimia
 80% of patients are female
 People struggling with Bulimia will
appear to be of average weight
Health consequences
 Irregular heartbeats, heart failure, death
 Inflammation and possible rupture of
esophagus
 Tooth decay
 Chronic irregular bowel movements
Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
 Characteristics:
 Eating large quantities
of food in a short
period of time
 Feeling out of control
over eating behavior
 Feeling ashamed or
disgusted by behavior
 Eating when not hungry
or in secret
 More common in males
than any other eating
disorder
http://www.healthnews-stat.com/primages/binge-eating.jpg
Statistics about BED
 Affects 1-5% of population
 60% female, 40% male
 Associated with depression
Health Consequences of BED
 High blood pressure
 High cholesterol levels
 Heart disease
 Diabetes mellitus
 Gallbladder disease
↓
Males and eating disorders
 Fewer males than females
 Involved with sports, entertainment, or
modeling
 Usually overweight
 Try to improve athletic
performance
 i.e. wrestling
Why?
 Psychological
Factors
 Social Factors
 Interpersonal
Factors
 Other
http://www.tvsa.co.za/mastershowimages/566_americas_next_top_model_468.jpg
http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/09/28/Tyra_070829095609646_wideweb__300x375.jpg
How do we prevent eating disorders?
 Promote self-esteem
 Size acceptance
 Celebrate the diversity in all sizes and shapes
 Discourage meal skipping
 Encourage eating in response to hunger, not emotions
What do we do?
 Communicate care, concern, and a desire to talk
about problems
 Encourage them to seek help
 Educate yourself
 Be honest, supportive and patient
 Know the differences between facts and myths
 Be caring, but firm.
 Compliment about positive qualities.
 Be a good role model
What should I say?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Set time to talk.
Communicate your concerns.
Ask your friend to explore these concerns.
Avoid conflicts if they are defiant.
Avoid placing shame, blame, or guilt.
Avoid giving simple solutions.
Express your continued support.
ACT NOW
 Ask to speak with your friend privately
 Confront with concern and care
 Tell your friend what you see that makes you feel
concerned
 Never continue the conversation if either of you
becomes too emotional
 Only professionals can diagnose, so don’t play therapist
or caretaker
 When you end the conversation, tell an adult
immediately
What do we NOT do?
 Don’t control the situation
 Don’t blame yourself or others
 Don’t give advice unless asked for it
 Don’t nag or criticize
 Don’t focus on food, size, or weight
 Don’t expect them to change over night
Treatment and help
 Therapists, counselors, social workers
 Dietitians and nutritionists
 Support groups
 Hospital care
Remember to….
 Treat your body with respect
 Fuel it with a variety of foods
 Give it enough rest
 Exercise moderately, not excessively
 Resist judging yourself
 Respect people based on their character NOT their
appearance
Managing a Healthy Weight
HOW MANY CALORIES DO WE NEED?
 EVERYONE IS DIFFERENT! IT’S BASED ON…
 Age
 Gender
 Body Size
 Growth Rate
 Metabolic Rate
 Physical Activity
MANAGING WEIGHT
 PG. 291
 BMI= Body Mass Index which is the ratio of weight to




height. Good indicator of health risks rather than just body
weight
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5-24.9
Overweight = 25-29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater
- Remember: this may not be the best indicator
Overweight vs. Obesity
 Overweight =heavier than
 Obesity = having excess body
 Overweight may NOT be
 Very common in the US
standard weight for your height
risky…
 Body composition is a better
measure for this..
 Ex. Football player
fat
 More than 13% of teens in US
are overweight
2 reasons for obesity:
1. sedentary lifestyle
2. poor eating habits
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpSfBp95NfQ&feature=PlayList&p=83370A58B5EA
F72E&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=20
Risks of weighing too much
Heart disease
Cancer
Asthma
Osteoarthritis
Gallbladder disease
Type 2 diabetes
 Affects self-esteem and social health
Underweight
 Below the standard weight range for your height
 Risks: hard to fight infection due to inadequate nutrients and
energy, undernourished which leads to abnormal body
functions
 Higher risk to develop anemia (low iron)
Starting a Weight Control Plan
 Target your weight
 Set SMART/REALISTIC goals – lose ½ to 1 pound a week
 Make a personal plan-eating/activity
 Put goal and plan in WRITING
 Evaluate Progress
 PLATEAUS are normal
SMART WEIGHT LOSS STATEGIES
WEIGHT LOSS
WEIGHT GAIN
 Eat fewer calories
 Increase caloric intake
 Burn more calories
 Eat more times a day and have
second helpings
Lifelong Nutrition
Nutritional Needs
 EVERYONE IS DIFFERENT!
 Age
 Gender
 Lifestyle
 Health Needs
 Activity level
 Know yourself and
what is healthy for you!