Transcript Lesson 2
Warm-Up Read the following scenarios. On your notes, write down the Mental Health Disorder you believe the person has. #1: Suzie’s mother died a year ago, but Suzie just cant seem to move on. Suzie is still having a hard time sleeping at night, and concentrating in school. Last week, I even caught Suzie crying in the bathroom. What do you think Suzie could be suffering from? DEPRESSION #2: Sara is constantly worried about catching colds. In fact, Sara washes her hand just about 20 times a day. When asked, Sara says that she can afford to be sick, and then goes into a lecture about how many germs there are around. Sometimes Sara washes her hands so much that they bleed. What disorder do you think Sara could be suffering from? OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER #3: Brandon is a junior this year. Lately, Brandon stays to himself. He doesn't seem to talk with any of his friends. He’s constantly anxious, and worried that others are following him. Sometimes Brandon tells me about things that he sees. It almost sounds like he’s daydreaming, but not really. I’m not sure what’s going on with Brandon, but I’m really worried about him. What do you think Brandon could be suffering from? SCHIZOPHRENIA © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Characteristics of Mental Health Disorders Lesson 2 © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Classifications • Mental illnesses are classified according to the symptoms. • Classifications include: Anxiety Disorders (e.g., panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, PTSD) Childhood Disorders (e.g., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, Tourette's syndrome) Cognitive Disorders (Alzheimer's, dementia) Eating Disorders (e.g., bulimia and anorexia) Mood Disorders (e.g., depressive disorder/depression and bipolar disorder) Personality Disorders (e.g., paranoid personality) Psychotic Disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) Substance Use Disorders (e.g., alcohol dependence and amphetamine dependence) Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders are fear based disorders that keep you from taking part in daily activities. Include panic attacks, phobias, obsessivecompulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Typically extreme and unrealistic worries. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Anxiety Disorders Panic disorder: experience extreme, sudden panic attacks, or episodes of intense fear that something bad is going to happen. Symptoms: shaking, racing heart, shortness of breath, sweating. Video Generalized anxiety disorder: pattern of constantly worrying about many different activities and events. Symptoms: problem sleeping, heart palpitations, muscle tension. Phobias: extreme anxiety caused by specific objects or situations that cause no real danger. Symptoms: same as a panic attack. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) OCD: persistent and obsessive thoughts or feelings that are managed by engaging in ritualized behavior. Symptoms: obsessions and compulsions Video © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Anxiety Disorders Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): people who live through a terrifying event involving physical harm or the threat of harm (ex. War, natural disaster, rape). Experience extreme stress or fright, even when they are not in danger May also have recurring thoughts about event Video © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Childhood Disorders The term childhood mental disorder means all mental disorders that can be diagnosed and begin in childhood. Mental disorders among children are described as serious changes in the ways children typically learn, behave, or handle their emotions. Symptoms usually start in early childhood, although some of the disorders may develop throughout the teenage years. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) ADD/ADHD Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) Difficulty paying attention, frequently daydreaming. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Difficulty paying attention and tend to act impulsively and behave hyperactively. Other general symptoms of ADD/ADHD: Quickly bored with activities and tasks Talking nonstop or being in constant motion Cause for ADD/ADHD is unknown, but treatment is available: behavioral/psychological, nutrition, physical activity, and/or medication. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) symptoms can include: social-interaction difficulties communication challenges tendency to engage in repetitive behaviors However, symptoms and their severity vary widely across these three core areas. Autism Spectrum Disorder Cause is unknown, but genetics and environment may play a role. No cure, ideal treatment plan coordinates therapies and interventions that meet the specific needs of individual children. Autism appears to have its roots in very early brain development. However, the most obvious signs of autism and symptoms of autism tend to emerge between 2 and 3 years of age. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Tourette Syndrome Tourette Syndrome (TS) causes people to have “tics”. Symptoms: sudden twitches, movements, or sounds that occur repeatedly. People who have tics cannot stop their body from doing these things. For example, a person might keep blinking over and over again. Or, a person might make a grunting sound unwillingly © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Tourette Syndrome The exact cause of Tourette syndrome isn't known. It's a complex disorder likely caused by a combination of inherited (genetic) and environmental factors. There is no cure – can be maintained by behavioral therapy and/or medication. Tics usually are worse during times that are stressful or exciting. They tend to improve when a person is calm or focused on an activity. Video © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Cognitive Disorders Dementia is an umbrella term for a group of cognitive disorders. These disorders are typically characterized by memory impairment, as well as marked difficulty in the domains of language, motor activity, object recognition, and disturbance of executive function. Basically, the ability to plan, organize, and abstract becomes impaired. Alzheimer's disease is perhaps the most common form of dementia. In the early stages, people experience some memory loss which progresses to marked memory loss, then to a decrease in thinking ability such as decision making. Later the disease leads to the loss in the ability to perform activities of daily living or recognize loved ones. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Alzheimer’s Facts Alzheimer’s disease usually occurs in individuals who are 60 years old and older. Starting at age 65, the risk of developing the disease doubles every five years. By age 85 years and older, between 25 and 50 percent of people will exhibit signs of Alzheimer’s disease. Up to 5.3 million Americans currently have Alzheimer’s disease. By 2050, the number is expected to more than double due to the aging of the population. Alzheimer’s disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and is the fifth leading cause among persons age 65 and older. Video © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Eating Disorders Eating disorders are serious medical problems and are more common in females than males. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and bingeeating disorder are all types of eating disorders. Eating disorders often develop during adolescence or early adulthood, but can occur during childhood or later in adulthood. Video © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Mood Disorders Depression is the most Bipolar disorder is common type of mental when the individual illness, affecting more most commonly than 26% of the U.S. experiences episodes adult population. of depression and episodes of mania. It has been estimated Mania is characterized that by the year 2020, by clearly elevated, depression will be the unrestrained, or irritable second leading cause mood of disability throughout the world, trailing only to ischemic heart Video disease (reduced blood supply to the heart). © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) What is Depression? A mental illness characterized by intense and ongoing negative feelings such as sadness, hopelessness and loss of pleasure in life. Depression can lead to suicide. Depression can happen in anyone’s life: Any race Any social standing Any age – 1 in 8 adolescents have some symptoms © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Guiding Question: Why do you think adolescent females have the highest prevalence of depression? © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Symptoms of Depression Affects person’s emotions, thoughts, actions Feelings of hopelessness Irritability, anger, and hostility Low self-esteem Difficulty concentrating Difficulty making decisions Problems completing school work Problems maintaining grades Sleeping problems Weight changes Appetite changes Lack of energy Joint or backaches Trouble carrying out daily activities Video © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) If you think you have Depression: 1. Face the problem. Seek professional help 2. Identify the problem. Try to find out what is causing the depression Is it loneliness, a loss, or a chemical imbalance? 3. Take action. Some ways to cope include changing negative thinking , seeking support from others, and increasing physical activity Depression is a highly treatable illness. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Bipolar Disorder Also known as manic-depressive illness. Video Intense periods of depression closely followed by extreme positive, or manic feelings such as: Poor judgment Little need for sleep Hyperactive behavior Lack of self control © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Personality Disorders Those who struggle with a personality disorder have great difficulty dealing with other people. They tend to be inflexible, rigid, and unable to respond to the changes and demands of life. Although they feel that their behavior patterns are “normal” or “right,” people with personality disorders tend to have a narrow view of the world and find it difficult to participate in social activities. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Paranoid Personality Disorder Paranoia involves feelings of persecution and an exaggerated sense of self-importance. Paranoia occurs in many mental disorders and is rare as an isolated mental illness. Since the delusions involve only one area, a person with paranoia can usually work and function in everyday life, however, their lives may be limited and isolated. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Psychotic Disorders Schizophrenia Chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Symptoms include: irregular thoughts, delusions or false beliefs, and hallucinations. May believe people are threatening or plotting against them May show inappropriate emotional reactions Video © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Substance Use Disorder Warning Signs: Substance Use Sudden weight loss or gain disorders can refer to Unhealthy appearance substance use or substance dependence. Frequently missing school or work More than one in four Money problems adults living with serious Changes in friends, mental health problems hangouts, or hobbies also has a substance Getting into fights, use problem. accidents, or breaking the law Video Striking change in personality or behavior © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Chapter 3 Help for Mental Disorders A therapist is a professional who is designed to diagnose and treat people with mental illnesses and disorders. Psychologists, psychiatrist, social workers, and counselors Group Therapy, a licensed therapist leads a group of people who may have a similar disorder. Physical Activity, Nutrition, Medication can also help in the treatment of some mental disorders. © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Help for Mental Disorders According to the National Advisory Mental Health Council, the treatment success rate for Bipolar Disorder is a remarkable 80%. The recovery rates for other serious mental illnesses include: Optional - Role of Nutrition in Mental Health: Video Major depression (65‐80%) Schizophrenia (60%) Addiction (70%) © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Help for Mental Disorders Mental Health 2-1-1 NAMI of San Antonio: www.nami-sat.org National Alliance on Mental Illness Substance Abuse 1-877-9-NO-DRUG © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) KWL Chart: Mental Disorders K What you know W What you want to know L What you learned Now go back to your chart and list at least 3 things you learned! © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX) Activity Time to play Mental Health BINGO! © 2016NorthsideISD(SanAntonio,TX)