Transcript Standard PowerPoint Template

Marijuana ~
Use and Behavioural Changes in Children
and Youth. ~ Effective Interventions
Presented by:
Shirley Withers, BSW, RSW
Addiction Services
Horizon Health Network
Agenda
• Introductions
•What is Marijuana?
•Factors Influencing Addiction
•NB Stats
•Difference Between Adolescents and Adults
•Impact on Behaviour
•Drug Use Continuum
•Stages of Change
•FARMERS/Effective Interventions
•Resources
•Q&A
•Thank You
What is Marijuana?
Cannabis ~ Marijuana, Hashish, Hash, Hash oil, weed, pot…
•Symptoms of Use
–Pupils normal to dilated
–Tremor in legs
–Red eyes, not bloodshot
–Sore throat
–Intoxicated look
–Smell
–Sluggish
–Excessive talking
–Poor hygiene
–Change in appetite
–Poor concentration
–Impaired coordination
–Relaxed inhibitions
–Perception of time
and distance impaired
What is Marijuana?
•Short term Use
•Impaired short term memory and
concentration
•Calm
•Drowsiness
•Talkative
•Fearful
•Dry-mouth
•Relaxed
•Panic, paranoia, anxiety,
depression
•Sensory perceptions seem
enhanced
•Increased appetite
•Distorted sense of time and space
•Rapid heart beat
•Impaired motor skills
Long Term Use
•Loss of motivation
•Difficulties with memory and
concentration
•Lung damage
•Irregular menstrual cycles
•Infertility in males
•Lower immune system
•Chronic cough
•Depression
•Anxiety/panic disorder
•Aggression
•Low affect
Factors Influencing Addiction
Interactive Factors
Drug
Drug Use
Experience
Individual
Environment
Drug Factors
• Rate of Onset
– Rapid onset = more re-enforcement
• T½
– Shorter T ½ = more re-enforcing
• Root of administration
– Inhaled>IV>Transnasal>PO>
Transdermal
Amount Consumed/ Duration of Use
Individual Factors
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
– Personality
– Mood/Feelings
– Experience
Beliefs
Skills
Knowledge
• PHYSICAL
Gender
Weight
Tolerance (Conditioning)
General Health
Food
Genetics
Environmental Factors
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Where
When
With Whom
Culture
Employment
Price
Availability
Laws
Family
NB Students Drug Use Survey 2007
Cannabis Use by Year and Grade
55.1
47.2
40.9
29.9 31.3
43.4 44.5
32.5
1998
2002
2007
22.7
7.17.9
4.1
Grade 7
Grade 9
Grade10
Grade 12
Differences Between Adolescents
and Adults
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Adolescents are at a much more crucial time developmentally than adults
are; therefore, the impact upon them is much more developmentally
devastating.
The duration of a severe problem among adolescents at the time of
diagnosis is usually less than 18 months. (5-15 rule)
Adolescents do not generally have a loyalty to one particular drug, unlike
adults. Many adolescents are poly-drug users and will use any drug that
is available.
Chemical use is rarely "social" among adolescents. "Partying" is going to
a place where a group of people individually sedate themselves into
oblivion! There is really nothing social about it.
Consequences of drug use are somewhat different for adolescents. Also
they do not have a long history of use, subsequently, there may not have
been as many losses resulting in greater denial of both the adolescent
and their family.
Adolescents have many more enablers than adults, consequently,
intervention is often delayed.
The problem rarely presents as chemical dependency and is most often
seen by parents, courts, and professionals as psychiatric, behavioral or
family dysfunction. As a result, adolescents can be stuck with labels as
anti-social personality, conduct disorder, ADD and clinical depression.
Impact on Behaviour
?
Insert a picture here
• Refer to
Behavioural Check
List
I can Drive…
Alcohol
Cannabis
•Decreases Alertness
•Alters judgment
•Alters attention span and
concentration
•Alters judgment
•Alters depth perception
•Alters depth perception
•Reduces motor coordination •Decreases muscle strength
and hand steadiness
•Vision may be blurred or
doubled
•Decreases reaction time
Or Can I?
Drug Use Continuum
Stage 1 –Use
Normal Feelings
Pain
X
Euphoria
Stage 2 – Misuse
Normal Feelings
Pain
X
Euphoria
Drug Use Continuum
Stage 3 – Abuse
Normal Feelings
Pain
X
Euphoria
Stage 4- Addiction
Normal Feelings
X
Pain
Euphoria
Stages of Change
Relapse
Pre Contemplation
Maintenance
Action
Contemplation
Preparation
Adapted from:
Prochaska and Diclemente (1986)
FARMERS
• Feedback- of personal risk or
impairment
• Advice- clear advice to change
• Responsibility- client’s personal
responsibility for change
• Menu- alternative strategies for
change
• Empathy- therapist empathy is a
potent catalyst for change
• Roll with Resistance
• Self-efficacy- hope or optimism
Resources
• Horizon Health Addiction Services
– (506) 452-5558
• Horizon Health Mental Health
– (506) 453-2132
• Websites (handout)
• Portage Atlantic
– (506) 839-1200
Thank You
• Other questions???