Transcript Endocrine System - Maria Regina High School

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Chapter 39, Sections 1&2
HORMONES
 Hormones=
Chemicals secreted by glands
 Exocrine Glands – Secrete hormones into
organs directly or out of the body
 Endocrine Glands – Secrete hormones into
blood
 Steroid Hormones – Lipid based and can
pass in and out of cell membranes easily
 Nonsteroid Hormones – Cannot pass into
cells easily.
GLAND LOCATIONS
 Glands
are
located
throughout the
body
 Hormones are
“messages” used
to regulate body
activity through
feedback
inhibition
 Most hormones
are secreted into
the blood and
trigger other
PITUITARY GLAND
 Located
inside the
brain
 “Master Gland”
because it controls
many other glands
 Hypothalamus
causes the Pituitary
to secrete specific
hormones




Growth Hormone
Antidiuretic Hormone
Reproductive
Hormones
Other Hormone
THYROID
 Plays
major role in
regulating body’s
metabolism
 Hormone (Thyroxin)
maintains
homeostasis


Overactive thyroid
causes very fast
metabolism
Underactive thyroid
causes slow
metabolism (may lead
to obeisity)
 Enlarged
Thyroid is
called Goiter
ADRENAL GLANDS
 Pyramid
shaped gland
that sits on top of
kidney
 2 structural parts


Cortex: Produces the
hormone, cortisol
(control metabolism of
food)
Medulla: Produces the
hormones Epinephrine
and Norepinephrine
(increases overall body
activity in stress)
PANCREAS
 Important
for
maintaining blood
sugar levels
 Produces hormones:
Insulin: Allows sugar in
blood to enter cells
 Glucogon: Increases
amount of sugar in
blood by breaking down
complex carbs from
liver and muscle.
 Both hormones are
produced in the Islets
of Langerhaans

PANCREAS DISORDER: DIABETES
MELLITUS
 Type
I Diabetes: Autoimmune disorder
where Pancreas does not produce enough
insulin


Often diagnosed before age 15
Patients are normally dependent on insulin
injections to allow sugar into cells
 Type
II Diabetes: Pancreas slows down
insulin production or cells cannot take in
sugar


Often diagnosed in 40’s or later
Often managed by strict diet and exercise,
insulin not normally needed
REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS: GONADS
 Females:
Ovaries
(Produce eggs)
 Hormones:
Estrogen: female
physical
characteristics and
egg formation
 Progesterone:
prepares uterus for
arrival of
developing embryo

 Males:
Testes
(Produce Sperm)
 Hormone:

Testosterone:
Needed for normal
sperm production
and male physical
characteristics