Dr._Small_Summary_Slides_JPx

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DR. GARY SMALL, MD
Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and ParlowSolomon Professor on Aging at the David Geffen School of Medicine
at UCLA, where he is also Director of the UCLA Longevity Center.
He has authored more than 400 scientific publications, as well as the
international bestseller, The Memory Bible. His research has been
featured in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, London Times,
Washington Post, Time Magazine, and Newsweek, and numerous
television programs (e.g., NBC's Today Show, CNN, PBS).
He is the recipient of many awards and honors, including the Jack
Weinberg Award from the American Psychiatric Association and the
Senior Investigator Award from the American Association for
Geriatric Psychiatry.
HEALTHY AGING(健全な老い)
(SUCCESSFUL AGING)
Cases(実例)
Centenarians people(100歳以上の集団): Sardinia, Italy; Loma
Linda, California, USA; Okinawa, Japan
• Seems to be clustered(ある地域にかたまっている)
• Share some lifestyle traits (共通する生活習慣における形質)
• They tend to be physically active; have strong social
networks; tend to sit around(肉体的に活発で、社会との強い
繋がりを持ち、だらだらと過ごす傾向がある)
• Food (Mediterranean diet, fish (ω3-fats), vegetables)
BRAIN HEALTH INVOLVES
Memory 記憶
Paying attention 注意を払うこと
Focusing attention 集中すること
Remembering 回想
Thinking 考えること
Reasoning 論理的に考えること、推論
INFLAMMATION AND BRAIN HEALTH
(炎症と脳の健康)
• Inflammation is normal process such as if you are
injured or have an infection(炎症は、例えばけがをしたり
感染した時には普通に起こる)
• With aging brain inflammation system gets into high
gear(年齢とともに脳の炎症はフル回転になっていく)
• Inflammation is evident in Alzheimer’s brain(アルツハイ
マー脳で炎症は明らか)
• Anti-inflammatory drugs to help with memory(抗炎症剤
は記憶の助けに)
STRATEGIES FOR ALZHEIMER’S
PREVENTION(アルツハイマー病予防のために)
Anti-inflammatory lifestyle(抗炎症をもたらす生活習慣)
• A good night sleep(十分な夜の睡眠)
• Fish (ω3-fats)(ω3脂肪酸を含む魚)
• Physical exercise (swimming, jogging, bicycle
riding (aerobic exercise))(エクササイズ(水泳、ジョ
ギング、自転車(有酸素運動))
MANY CONFUSING INFORMATION ABOUT
ALZHEIMER’S PREVENTION
(アルツハイマー病予防に関する多くの混乱を招く情報
がある)
• For example, one day, it is said that we should take vitamin
E for preventing Alzheimer’s and the next day, it is said
don’t take vitamin E. (例えばある時、ビタミンE摂取が良いと
いっていたかと思うと翌日には飲むなということも)
• However, there is a practical program we can use to get
ourselves started.
(しかし、自身で始められる効果的なプログラムがある)
• There are assessment tools to see their progress.
ACKNOWLEDGING DEMENTIA
(認知症であることを受け止める)
• Many celebrities are declaring diagnosis of dementia
and they don’t seem to be confused(多くの有名人が認知
症を公表しているが、困惑していない(受け止めている))
• It is better to be diagnosed earlier, but problem is that
we need more effective treatments(早期診断が望ましい
が、より効果的な治療の必要性がある)
LONGER LIFE LEADS TO GREATER
RISK OF ALZHIMER’S
• We live longer in part thanks to medical technology
(一つには医学の進歩のおかげで我々は長く生きれる)
• Age is the single greatest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease
(加齢はアルツハイマー病の唯一最大の危険因子である)
ALOIS ALZHEIMER
アロイス・アルツハイマー
German psychiatrist (1864~1615)(ドイツの精神科医)
He presented the first case of Alzheimer’s with Auguste D.
アウグステ D.の症例 (初めての症例報告)
The 51-year-old patient had strange behavioral symptoms,
including a loss of short-term memory and died 4 years later.
51歳女性;夫に対する病的な嫉妬心で発病;時間を経ずして記憶
力低下が出現;発病4年半後に死亡
MEMORY
記憶の能力
• Learning and recall (retrievable later)
学習と思い起こすこと(後で記憶から取り出すこと)
• Cognition involves memory, attention, visual/spatial
skills and reasoning
認知には、記憶、注意力、視空間的能力、論理的思考が含まれる
DEMENTIA(認知症)
• Acquired persistent intellectual impairments
characterized by deterioration in at least three of the
following domains: memory, visuospatial skills,
personality or behavior, and manipulation of
acquired knowledge (including executive function)
記憶、視空間認知、人格、品行、操作のうち少なくとも3領
域での低下を特徴とする後天的で持続的な知的機能低下
• Interferes with daily life
日常生活に支障を来す
DEMENTIA OR NOT DEMENTIA
認知症かそうでないか
• Demented condition can appear in non-dementia
patients due to such as depression, thyroid
hormone imbalance, HIV infection, etc.
認知症症状は認知症とは異なる疾患でも起こる。例え
ば、うつ、甲状腺ホルモンの異常、エイズ等の感染など
• Many of them are curable (reversible).
多くは治療可能(直る)
ALZHEIMER TREATMENT (INTERVENTION)
アルツハイマー病の治療的介入
• Estrogen for women.
女性に対して女性ホルモン投与
• However, timing is very important: can be effective at
pre-menopause, but aggravated in the later stage.
しかし投与時期が重要:閉経前の時期は有効だが、その時期が
遅れると逆効果
• Taking anti-inflammatory drug, but not well defined
抗炎症剤の服用、しかし十分な証明はない
MEMORY COMPLAINTS
記憶に関する不平(問題)
• Names and faces
名前や顔
• Where I put things
どこに置いたか
• Forgetting an appointment or plan, etc.
約束や計画を失念
• Forgetting a word and names I should know that is on the
tip of my tongue
口から出かかっているのだけれど出てこない言葉や名前
PREVENTION OF DEMENTIA
認知症予防
• Physical exercise: e.g. swimming, jogging, bicycle riding
(aerobic exercise)
(エクササイズ(水泳、ジョギング、自転車(有酸素運動))
• Mental exercise: College education, lifelong learning
(頭の体操:高等教育、生涯学習など)
• Nutrition(栄養(食事の内容))
• Stress management (ストレス調節(管理))