Transcript Anterior pituitary

Endocrine System
 Consists of ductless glands scattered throughout
body
 Glands secrete hormones which travel through
blood to target cells
 Target cells have receptors for binding with specific
hormone
 Regulates or directs particular function
 Two hormone categories based on solubility
 Hydrophilic
 Peptide hormones
 Catecholamines
 Lipophilic
 Steroid hormones
 Thyroid hormone
Endocrine System
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Functions of endocrine system-Integrates and regulates activities of organs and
cells
-Maintain homeostasis
-Adaptation to stress
-Promote growth and development
-Regulate reproductive activity
Endocrine System
Plasma Hormone Concentration
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Influenced by
Rate of secretion
Rate of Metabolic Activation or Conversion
Transport
Inactivation
Excretion
Diurnal (Circadian) Rhythm
 Hormone secretion rates fluctuate throughout the
day
 Endocrine rhythms are entrained to external cues
(light-dark cycle)
Hormone Interaction
 Hormone can influence activity of another
hormone at given target cell
 Permissiveness
 One hormone must be present for full exertion of
another hormone’s effect
 Synergism
 Combined effect is greater than the sum of their
separate effects
 Antagonism
 Occurs when one hormone causes loss of another
hormone’s receptors
 Reduces effectiveness of second hormone
Pituitary Gland
 Hypophysis
 Location:
 Thin stalk connects pituitary gland to
hypothalamus
 Consists of two anatomically and
functionally distinct lobes
 Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
 Composed of nervous tissue
 Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
 Consists of glandular epithelial tissue
Posterior
Pituitary
Gland
 Release of hormones is controlled by
hypothalamus
 Does not actually produce any hormones
 Stores and releases two small peptide hormones
Vasopressin (ADH)
 Conserves water during urine formation
 Oxytocin
 Stimulates uterine contraction during
childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding
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Posterior Pituitary Gland
 A deficiency in the release of vasopressin
(antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) by the
posterior pituitary gland causes
A.Hypoglycemia
B.Dwarfism
C.Diabetes Insipidus
D.None of the above
Anterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary
 Anterior hormones under control of
hypothalamic releasing hormones
Types of Endocrine Disorders
 Hyposecretion
 Primary
 Secondary
 Hypersecretion
 Primary
 Secondary
 Hyporesponsiveness
 Hyperresponsiveness
Anterior Pituitary
 Negative Feedback
 Long Loop
 Short Loop
Types of Endocrine Disorders
 Growth Hormone
 Gigantism
 Acromegaly
Types of Endocrine Disorders
 Graves Disease
 Autoimmune against TSH receptor=antibodies
 Bind and activate receptor
Types of Endocrine Disorders
 Addison’s Disease
 Adrenal glands produce insufficient steroid hormones
 Symptoms
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Fatigue
Muscle Weakness
Sweating
Changes in mood and personality
Types of Endocrine Disorders
 Adrenal insufficiency, with progressive destruction of
the adrenal gland, is called
A.Cushion’s Syndrome
B. Hashimoto thyroiditis
C. Addison Disease
D.None of the above
Types of Endocrine Disorders
 Cushing’s Disease
 High Level of cortisol
 Symptoms
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Weight gain
Central Obesity
Hypertension
Sweating
Polyuria
Practice
 The master gland of the endocrine system is the:
A.Pituitary
B.Adrenal Gland
C.Thyroid Gland
D.None of the above
Med Alert System
What the Device Looks Like
Technology & the Med Alert
System
Another Option
Graves Disease
Graves’ Disease
Complications of Graves’
Disease
Thyroid Storm
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus
 Type 1
 Type II
Controlling Diabetes
Neuropathy
Proper Management is Key to
Good Health
Exam Review Anyone?
 An inflammation of the thin, transparent membrane
covering the visible portion of the
sclera and lining the inside of the eyelids results in
A. Conjunctivitis
B. Cataract
C. Choroiditis
D. Cornea abrasion
Exam Review Anyone?
 Which of the following statements is true about
chronic open-angle glaucoma.
A. It is caused by a decrease in intraocular pressure.
B. It produces symptoms at the onset
C. It rarely progresses
D. It is the most treatable cause of blindness
Exam Review Anyone?
Macular degeneration is
A. Caused by degenerative changes in the retina.
Usually related to aging
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
B.