Transcript hales_ith15e_powerpoint_lectures_chapter09

Chapter
9
Personal Sexuality
Elizabeth Lytle, MPH, BSN, RN
Los Altos School District
Hormones And Sexual Development
Hypothalamus
GnRH
Pituitary Gland
Gonadotropins
Gonads
Sex Hormones
Hormones are chemical
messengers that arouse
cells and organs
Hormones influence how
we look, feel, develop and
behave
Sex Hormones Trigger Puberty
Female Sex Organs
Female Sex Organs
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle
Main Events Of Menstrual Cycle
Hypothalamus triggers pituitary to release
FSH and LH
FSH stimulates follicle development
Follicle produces estrogen that triggers
ovulation
Estrogen and progesterone stimulate
uterus to prepare for egg
If egg is fertilized, pregnancy begins
If egg is not fertilized, menstruation occurs
Female Sexual Health Conditions
Premenstrual
Syndrome
Toxic Shock
Syndrome
Menstrual
Cramps
Amenorrhea
Premenstrual
Dysphoric
Disorder
Premenstrual Syndrome Is Common
Hormone deficiency or imbalance
Thyroid hormone abnormalities
Causes
Stress
•Mood changes • Digestive symptoms
• Anxiety
• Hot flashes
Symptoms
• Irritability
• Insomnia
• Forgetfulness • Water retention
Exercise
Calcium & vitamin D
Less caffeine
Treatment Diuretics
SSRI
Premenstrual Dyphoric Disorder
PMDD is not related to PMS
Symptoms
Treatment
Depression during last week of
menstrual cycle
Cannot function at work, school or
home
SSRIs
Birth control pill that stops ovulation
Menstrual Cramps
Caused by overproduction of prostaglandins
 Abdominal cramps and pain
 Leg and back pain
 Diarrhea
 Tension
 Water retention
Amenorrhea
Defined
Absence of menstruation for 3 or
more consecutive months
Health
Effects
Loss of bone density
Osteoporosis
Stress fractures
Toxic Shock Syndrome
What
Symptoms
Bacterial infection in women who
use tampons
• High fever
• Rash – peeling of skin
• Dizziness
• Very low blood pressure
Antibiotics
Treatment
IV Immunoglobulin
Male Sex Organs
Circumcision
Removal of foreskin – skin covering the penis
Why?
• Religious tradition
• Reduces risk of HIV, herpes, and HPV
in men and trichomonas in women
• Lower risk of penis cancer
• Less risk of urinary tract infection in
babies
• Easier genital hygiene
• Prevention of foreskin infections and
retraction
Characteristics Of Sexual Health
Honest
Nonexploitative
Consensual
Mutually
pleasurable
Sexually
Healthy
Relationship
Protected
against STI
and
pregnancy
Sexual Orientation
Sexual or romantic attraction
Heterosexual
between opposite sexes
Homosexual
Bisexual
Sexual, emotional, social
attraction to member of same
sex
Sexual attraction to both males
and females
Many vary across life-span
Sexual Orientation
Identify with the opposite gender
than their birth gender
Transgender Behavior as opposite gender for
social pleasure rather than sexual
gratification
Feel trapped in body of wrong
gender
Transsexual
May undergo gender reassignment
surgery
Sexual Behavior Across The Life-Span
Adolescent
• Sexual exploration
• Erections, wet dreams, masturbation
• Kissing, petting, touching, oral sex
College
• See sex as normal peer behavior
• One-third report using condoms
• Drinking increases sexual risk
Adult
• Average frequency of sex is once
weekly
• Frequency of sex decreases with
education level
Why People Have Sex
Attraction to another person
Physical pleasure
Express love
Feeling desired by the other person
Escalating depth of relationship
Curiosity or adventure
Marking special occasion
Mere opportunity
‘Just Happened’
Sexual Activities
Fantasy Celibacy Masturbation
Oral Sex Intercourse Anal
Stimulation
Outercourse
Anal Intercourse Abstinence
Phases Of Sexual Response
Excitement
Stimulation causes male erection and
female lubrication
Plateau
Excitement intensifies – penis
increases in length, vagina swells
Orgasm
3-12 muscular contractions 4/5
second apart for up to 60 seconds
Resolution
• Return to non-excited state
• Heart rate, blood pressure and
breathing return to normal