Transcript Document
Hypothyroidism By Megan, Mackenzie and James Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism Appetite change (decrease or increase) Difficulty sleeping (insomnia) Fatigue Frequent bowel movement—perhaps diarrhea Heart palpitations Heat intolerance Increased sweating Irritability Light menstrual periods—perhaps even missed periods Mental disturbances Muscle weakness Nervousness Problems with fertility Shortness of breath Sudden paralysis Tremor/shakiness Vision changes Weight loss-but perhaps weight gain Dizziness Thinning of hair Itching and hives Possible increase in blood sugar Glands Affected The thyroid gland is the only gland affected by hypothyroidism. The thyroid curves around the anterior surface of the trachea just inferior of the thyroid cartilage that dominates the anterior surface of the larynx. Target Organs/Tissues Increases metabolic Thyroxin(T4) rate; regulates growth Triiodothyronine (T3) and development Calcitonin: lowers blood calcium levels Thyroid Hormones Involved Thyroxine (T4) :increases metabolic rate; regulates growth and development Triiodophyronine (T3):increases metabolic rate; regulates growth and development Calcitonin: lowers blood calcium level Parathyroid (PTH) : raise blood calcium level Hormone Imbalance Hormone imbalance is caused by: - A Thyroid tumor. -an overactive Thyroid gland. -nutritional iodine insufficiency which could lead to a Thyroid goiter. This type of goiter is known as a exophthalmic goiter. Homeostatic Feedback Loops In a normal Homeostatic Thyroid loop, the hypothalamus releases hypothalamicreleasing hormone. The Anterior Pituitary then releases thyroid-stimulating hormones. The Thyroid gland releases T3 and T4 into the blood stream to increase T3 and T4 concentration, to the normal range. The Anterior pituitary gland releases the Thyroid-inhibiting hormone which causes the thyroid gland to stop releasing T3 and T4. Abnormal Hormone Loop In an abnormal loop involving the thyroid gland there is an excess of T3 and T4 hormones. The hypothalamus releases hypothalamic-releasing hormone. The Anterior Pituitary then releases thyroid-stimulating hormones.. With inadequate iodine levels in the body the Thyroid gland releases low levels T3 and T4 into the blood stream. Because of these low levels of thyroid hormones it result in a weak negative feedback response(which does not cause the hypothalamus to send inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary). This causes the anterior pituitary sends excess TSH to the thyroid gland which in turn secretes more T3 and T4. Hyperthyroidism Hormone Loop Work Cited http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/hy perthyroidism/hyperthyroidism-symptoms http://www.webmd.com/a-to-zguides/hyperthyroidism-topic-overview Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology by Sylvia S. Mader