Transcript EnergyGuidedNotesx

THE ABILITY TO DO WORK
Energy
The combination of energy and
matter make up the universe:
Matter is substance, and energy is
the mover of substance.
The process of changing energy from
one form to another.
EXAMPLE: A windmill takes the
kinetic energy of the wind and changes
it into mechanical energy by turning
the fan blades which can then be
converted to electrical energy
The Law of Conservation of Energy
 Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it
may be transformed (changed) from one
form into another, but the total amount of
energy never changes. However some
HEAT energy is always “lost” during an
energy transformation because it is not a
closed system (heat leaves the system).
The big picture… the total energy in the
universe remains constant.
Conservation of Energy
 Energy is transformed… not destroyed!!
What is an energy transformation?
• An energy transformation takes place when
energy changes from one form into another form.
• Any form of energy can change into any other
form of energy.
• Often one form of energy can change into two or
more other forms.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Examples:
Energy of FOOD can be transformed into energy to PLAY
CHEMICAL energy from coal, oil, and natural gas can be
transformed into HEAT energy (process of burning the fuel); the
HEAT energy can be converted into KINETIC energy by gas
turbines or into ELECTRICAL energy by generators.
The sun gives the grass THERMAL energy. The grass uses it to
grow and transform it to CHEMICAL energy during photosynthesis.
Rabbits eat grass as an energy source.
If you turn on the power switch, a light bulb will use the ELECTRIC
power to transform it into LIGHT energy.
More Examples of Changes from One Form of Energy to Another
Chemical to electrical
Electrical to heat
Electrical to sound
Electrical to chemical
Electrical to mechanical
Chemical to mechanical
Mechanical to electrical
Flashlight battery
toaster
telephone, door bell
human sight
turning on a ceiling fan
energy in food helping your arms move
to throw a ball
water turning a turbine which then moves
a magnet to generate electricity
Conservation of Energy
Demonstration
ENERGY DERIVED FROM THE SUN IN
THE FORM OF SOLAR RADIATION
A CELL THAT CONVERTS SOLAR
ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
A CONCAVE MIRROR THAT
CONCENTRATES THE RAYS OF THE
SUN; CAN PRODUCE HIGH
TEMPERATURES
BATTERIES THAT STORE SOLAR
ENERGY AND CAN BE USED TO RUN
APPLIANCES AT NIGHT OR WHEN THE
SUN IS NOT SHINING.
POWER DERIVED FROM THE WIND
AND USED FOR ELECTRICITY OR
MECHANICAL POWER
A LARGE GROUP OF WIND-DRIVEN GENERATORS
FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
ONE DISADVANTAGE: THEY ARE OFTEN BUILT IN
AREAS OF NATURAL BEAUTY
Generating electricity by conversion of the
energy of running water
a fuel (such as coal, oil, or natural gas) formed in the
earth from plant or animal remains
•How do we know how to find oil (the remains of dead
SEA creatures?
•seismic
machines send out sound waves
ENERGY DERIVED FROM THE HEAT IN
THE INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
THE ENERGY RELEASED BY A NUCLEAR
REACTION, ESPECIALLY BY FISSION OR FUSION.
NUCLEAR ENERGY IS REGARDED AS A
NONRENEWABLE SOURCE OF POWER.
ENERGY GENERATED FROM THE
MOVEMENT OF TIDES
ENERGY GENERATED BY THE CONSTANT MOVEMENT
OF WAVES AND USED TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY
Biomass is the common name for organic
materials used as renewable energy sources
such as; wood, crops, and waste.
resources that are used up faster than
they can be replenished.
A resource that can be replaced in time
after being used.
RELATING TO OR BEING CONCERNED
WITH THE ECOLOGICAL
CONSEQUENCES OF ALTERING THE
ENVIRONMENT.
Renew a Bean
 Goal
 Increase your understanding of the eventual depletion of
nonrenewable resources and how it affects your future
 The Activity
 Materials: 100 beans in a zip lock bag for each partner
group. 92% of one color, 8% of another color. Data sheets
and Draw chart. Blindfolds.
 Review: What does Renewable/Nonrenewable mean?
 What would happen if the soda machine in the teacher’s
workroom was only filled at the beginning of the year?
 How long would the sodas last? What then?
 Count your beans 92:8 and put them in a zip lock bag.
Renewables Data Sheet
 The US depends on Nonrenewable Energy Resources
 Our population is constantly growing
 What will eventually happen?
 What are some possible solutions?
Draw Charts
 Draw chart 1: represents population that is using energy
without thinking about whether it is renewable or
nonrenewable
 Predict how many years it will take to deplete the beans in
the container. Record it on Data Chart #1.
Directions
 One student blindly draws the beans from the container.
 Any renewable beans can be replaced and counted for that
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year. Continue until there are only renewable beans left in
the container.
Calculate the percentages after each drawing.
Record the number of years it took to deplete all
nonrenewable beans. Compare to your earlier predictions.
Repeat the same steps for Data Chart 2 or 3.
Use Data Charts 3 and 4 to design a way to extend energy
use.
Answer the follow up questions.