Transcript Intelligent Transportation Systems and Mobile Source Emissions

Graduate Study in
Materials Science and Engineering
Join us in the Next Technology Revolution
Alexander A. Balandin
Chair, Materials Science and Engineering
Professor, Electrical Engineering
University of California – Riverside
September 2010
A.A. Balandin
Definitions
 Materials Science and Engineering (MS&E) is concerned with the
study of the structure, properties and applications of materials.
 MS&E program aims to provide fundamental knowledge of
materials with the objective of predicting, modifying and tailoring
the properties of materials to achieve enhanced material/device
performance.
 The MS&E foundations are the basic sciences of physics,
chemistry and mathematics.
 The great variety of materials response at the electrical, optical,
magnetic, mechanical and chemical levels requires from MSE
experts a solid scientific foundation and breadth of basic
knowledge.
A.A. Balandin
General Motivations for MS&E Program
 New trend: innovations are happening more and more often at
materials level
 Electronic industry: substituting silicon and gate dielectrics
 Optoelectronic industry: placing III-Vs on silicon
 Thermoelectric industry: finding right material
 Energy: materials for direct energy conversion and storage
 Global competition for energy resources and raw materials
 Engineering profession
 More of the interdisciplinary expertise
 Job market: local, state, nation-wide
 Materials characterization jobs are still in US
A.A. Balandin
Example of the Major
Innovations at Materials Level
Information from
Intel web-site
http://download.intel.com
/technology/silicon/HighK
-MetalGate-PressFoilsfinal.pdf
A.A. Balandin
Innovations at the Materials Level:
Photovoltaic Solar Cells
Front contact
Light
coating
n type
Quantum dot
superlattice as
an intrinsic
layer
Back contact
p type
After Q. Shao, A.A. Balandin, A.I. Fedoseyev and M. Turowski,
"Intermediate-band solar cells based on quantum dot supracrystals," Applied Physics Letters, 91: 163503 (2007).
Shockley limit: ~33% conversion efficiency
for bulk materials due to the loss of excess
kinetic energy of the hot photo-generated
carriers and energy loss of photons which
are less than materials band gap.
Thermodynamic limit for conversion: ~93%
A.A. Balandin
Innovations: Discoveries of New
Materials with Unique Properties
Figure: Graphene suspended over a trench. Optical image of grapheneover-trench attached to the heat sink. The flake was laser-heated in the
middle.
Giant thermal conductivity, flat geometry and demonstrated graphene
– Si integration suggests that graphene can become superior material for
thermal management of nanoscale devices
Artistic rendering of graphene lateral heat
spreaders for advanced chips from a recent
IEEE Spectrum feature article Chill Out: New
Materials and Designs Can Keep Chips Cool
by A.A. Balandin.
A.A. Balandin, et al., "Superior thermal conductivity of
single-layer graphene," Nano Letters, 8: 902 (2008).
A.A. Balandin
Facilities for MS&E Research and
Education
Materials synthesis and characterization
facilities are essential for successful program
New Materials
Science &
Engineering
building
A.A. Balandin
Specialization Areas
 Specialization areas within MS&E major
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Electronic and Magnetic Materials
Biomaterials
Structural Materials and Composites
Materials Synthesis & Processes
Computational Materials Science
A.A. Balandin
Visit MS&E Web-Site
http://www.mse.ucr.edu/
A.A. Balandin