Transcript INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

MEDICAL
TERMINOLOGY
ANATOMY
Al Ma`arefa College
Objectives:
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Define anatomy and its divisions.
Define the anatomical position of the body.
Explain the significance of anatomical position of
the body in the science of medicine.
Define anatomical planes of the body.
Explain why directional terms are relative and must
be used in reference to body structures or a body in
anatomical position.
Explain how anatomical terms are derived.
Levels of Structural Complexity
HUMAN ANATOMY
Anatomy is the study of the structure of human body parts
and describe their relationships to one another.
Divisions:
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Gross anatomy or Macroscopic (organs and systems)
Embryology or Developmental Anatomy
Histology or Microscopic (tissues and cells)
Living anatomy (radiological anatomy, surface anatomy,
applied and clinical surgical anatomy)
Comparative Anatomy :compares structure of human
beings with other creatures especially vertebrates.
HUMAN ANATOMY
Divisions:
Regional Anatomy:
• Upper Limb
• Lower Limb
• Thorax
• Abdomen and Pelvis
• Head and Neck.
HUMAN ANATOMY
Divisions:
Systemic Anatomy:
• Integumentary
• Skeletal
• Articular
• Muscular
• Nervous
• Circulatory
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Cardiovascular
Lymphoid
HUMAN ANATOMY
Divisions:
Systemic Anatomy:
• Digestive
• Respiratory
• Urinary
• Reproductive
• Endocrine
ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY
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ANATOMICAL POSITION
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ANATOMICAL PLANES
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ANATOMICAL ADJECTIVES
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ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS
ANATOMIC POSITION
All structures are described and named with reference
to the anatomical position.
In the anatomical position, the body is
 Standing erect
 The eyes look straight to the front
 Face and palms of the hands directed forwards
 The upper limbs hang by the sides of trunk
 The lower limbs are parallel with the feet together
and the toes pointing forwards
ANATOMIC PLANES
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Median Sagittal ( Midsagittal ) Plane: A vertical plane
passing between the anterior midline and posterior
midline, dividing the body into right & left halves.
Parasagittal ( Paramedian ) Plane: Any plane parallel
to median sagittal plane
ANATOMIC PLANES
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coronal
 vertical,
perpendicular to
median
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Horizontal
(transverse)
 parallel
to floor,
perpendicular to
median, coronal
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES
Are arranged as pairs of opposites
Anterior (Ventral ) &
Posterior (Dorsal )
 Anterior: Towards the
front of the body
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Posterior: Towards the
back of the body
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES
Are arranged as pairs of opposites
Superior( Cranial ) &
Inferior (Caudal )
 Superior: Towards the
head
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Inferior: Towards the
feet
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Proximal & Distal
 Proximal: Nearer the
trunk
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Distal: Away from the
trunk
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Medial & Lateral
 Medial: Towards the
midline of the body
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Lateral: Away from
the midline of the
body
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Superficial & Deep
 Superficial: Nearer
the surface of the
body
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Profundus (Deep):
Away from the surface
of the body
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Central & Peripheral
 Central: Towards the
central axis of the
body
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Peripheral: Away from
the central axis of the
body
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Ipsilateral & Contralateral
 Ipsilateral: Of the same side
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Contralateral: Of the Opposite side
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Flexor Surface & Extensor Surface
 Flexor Surface: The anterior surface in the upper
limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb
 Extensor surface: The posterior surface in the upper
limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Palmar & Dorsal
Surfaces of Hand
 Palmar Surface:
Anterior surface
 Dorsal Surface:
Posterior surface
ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Planter & Dorsal Surfaces of Foot
 Planter Surface: Lower surface
 Dorsal Surface: Upper surface
Term used for describing bony feature
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Elevation
 Linear
elevation
 Sharp elevation
 Rounded or irregular elevation
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Depressions
 Pit,
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impression, fovea, fossa, groove, notch
Openings
Smooth articular surface
 Facet,
condyle, head, capitulum or trochlea
THANKS