Transcript Temporal Aspects of Visual Extinction

Chapter 2b CNS Gross Anatomy
 Chris Rorden
University of South Carolina
Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders
University of South Carolina
1
Brain Sub-Divisions
Telencephalon – Cortex,
Limbic system, basal
ganglia, olfactory bulb
Diencephalon
Thalamus, Hypothalamus
Mesencephalon
Tegmentum, Red Nucleus,
Colliculi
Rhombencephalon
Pons, Cerebellum,
Medulla
Spinal Cord
2
Diencephalon
 Diencephalon =
thalamus, hypothalamus,
epithalamus,
prethalamus or
subthalamus and
pretectum
 Thalamus
– Oval Mass of Neurons in
the Center of the Brain
– Relays Sensorimotor
Information to the Cortex
3
Thalamus
Poor contrast on MRI
scans – hard to see.
4
Thalamic Injury
T2-weighted MRI
Bilateral injury to parts of
thalamus
5
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
– Body Heat, Water intake,
Hormone Production,
Emotional Expression, Food
Consumption and Reproduction
6
Midbrain, Hindbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Functions: Automatic
Control Systems
7
Ventral Brainstem
Mamillary Bodies
Medial Sulcus
Ventral Median Fissure
Pyramidal Tract
Pyramidal Decussation
– Where signals cross
Ventral lateral sulcus
8
Midbrain Dorsal Structures
 Superior and Inferior
Colliculus
Dorsal View of Brainstem
– The ‘little hills’.
– Superior colliculi – help Pineal Body
initiate eye movements,
integrate visual, auditory
Colliculus
and tactile information
Superior
– Inferior colliculi- audition
 Aka Corpora
Quadrigemina (four
seeds)
Inferior
Brachium
Superior
Colliculus
Inferior
Colliculus
Trochlear
Nerve
9
Colliculi
 Superior colliculi: eye movement control.
Also maps touch and hearing onto vision
 Inferior colliculi: pathway for auditory
processing
Sagittal View
Internal Structures of the Midbrain






Tegmentum
Cerebral Aqueduct
Red Nucleus
Cranial nerve nuclei
Reticular Formation
Central Gray Area
Transverse Section of Rostral Midbrain
Tectum
Tegmentum
Basis
Pedunculi
11
Internal structures of the pons
 Tegmentum
– Ascending and Descending Fibers
– Medial Lemniscus
 Basilar Pons
– Cortical Descending Tracts
– Pontine Nuclei
– Pontocerebellar Fibers
Transverse Section of Mid Pons
Tegmentum
Basilar
12
Medulla Oblongata
 Connects to Pontine Protrusion
 Caudal Portion Contains Pyramidal Decussation
 Where motor tracts cross over for control of contralateral
side of the body
Tegmentum
Pyramid
13
Landmarks of Medulla
Ventral
– Ventrolateral Sulcus
– Pyramidal Tract
– Lateral Corticospinal Motor Tract
Dorsal
– Dorsal Median Sulcus
– Dorsolateral Sulcus
– Olivary Nucleus
14
Internal Medulla
Dorsal Tegmentum
Ventral Pyramidal Tract
Reticular Formation
– Cardiac Center
– Vasomotor Center
– Respiratory Center
15
Cerebellum
Modifies Cortical Activity
Distinctive Appearance
– Gyri called Folia
– Two Hemispheres
Three Lobes
– Anterior
– Posterior
– Flocculonodular
16
Cerebellum
Rostral view
Posterior lobe
– (bird’s eye)
Anterior lobe
17
Cerebellum
Caudal view (from the feet)
Posterior lobe
Anterior lobe
Flocculus
18
Cerebellum
Anterior view
Flocculus
Nodulus
19
Cerebellum
Midsagittal slice
Nodulus
Flocculus
20