Transcript Origin - Warren County Schools

Skeletal Myology
From
Student Research
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Maximus
• Number-two
• Origin-posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to
posterior gluteal line
• Insertions-primarily in fascia lata at the illiotibial band,
also in the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral side
• Action-major extension of hip joint, assists in laterally
rotating the thigh
• Innervation-inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
• Other facts- largest of the gluteal muscle, allows people
to walk upright
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Medius
• Number-two
• Origin-dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest
• Insertion-lateral and superior surfaces of greater
trochanter
• Action-major abductor of thigh
• Innervation- superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
• Other facts- as you walk the gluteus medius
muscles supports full upper body weight and
every one pound of extra body weight adds two
pounds to the workload, also stabilizes the hips
Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Minimus
• Number-two
• Origin-dorsal ilium between inferior and
anterior gluteal lines
• Insertion-anterior surface of greater
trochanter
• Innervation-superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
• Action-abduction of the hip
• Other facts- smallest gluteal muscle
Subscapularis
• Origin: Entire anterior surface of the subscapularis
fossa.
• Insertion: the lesser tuberosity of humerus and
capsule of shoulder joint.
• Action: rotates the head of the humerus
medially(internal rotation); when the arm is raised,
it draws the humerus forward and downward.
• Innervation: Subscapular nerve (C5,C6)
• Origin- superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9
ribs at the side of chest
• Insertion- Vertebral border of scapula
• Innervation – Long Thoracic Nerve (C5,C6,C7)
Gastrocnemis
• Origin: just superior to
articular surfaces of the
lateral and medial condyles
of the femur.
• Insertion: posterior
calcaneus via the Achilles
Tendon
• Action: plantar flexes the
foot, and it also flexes the
knee.
• Innervation: tibial nerve (S1 S2)
• Origin: posterior superior
fibula and tibia
• Insertion: Posterior
calcaneous via Achilles
Tendon
• Action: plantar flexion.
• Innervation:tibial nerve,
(L5-S2)
Soleus
Triceps Brachii
Origin
• Long Head- From infraglenoid tuberosity of
the scapula
• Lateral Head- From posterior and lateral
surface of the Humerus
• Medial Head- From lower posterior surface
of the Humerus
• Insertion: Upper posterior surface of the
olecranon and the deep forearm fascia
• Action: extension of the forearm, stabilize
shoulders
• Innervation: radial nerve
Levator Scapulae
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•
•
•
Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1- C4
Insertion: Upper part of the medial border of scapula
Action: Raises medial border of scapula
Innervation: Anterior primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal
scapular nerve (C5)
Coracobrachialis
• Origin: Coracoid process of scapula.
• Insertion: Mid-medial surface of
humerus.
• Action: Flexes and adducts arm at
shoulders.
• Innervation: musculoskeletal nerve
and partly by the radial nerve.
Deltoid
Origin: anterior surface of lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula.
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flexes & medially rotation, abduction
Innervation: Axillary nerve
Biceps Brachii
Biceps Brachii
Biceps Brachii
• Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
• Insertion: Radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of
forearm
• Action: flexes elbow
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis
Origin: anterior, distal half of the humerus
Insertion: Coroniod process and tuberosity of ulna.
Function: Flexes forearm at the elbow.
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Internal Abdominal Oblique
• Origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral half of
inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia
• Insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 8-12:
abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
• Innervation: lower intercostal nerves, as well
as the iliohypogastric nerve and the ilioinguinal
nerve
• Action: flexes, rotates and laterally flexes torso
at lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral
levels, compresses abdomen
External Abdominal Oblique
•
Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
•
Insertion: anterior iliac crest and abdominal
aponeurosis to linea alba
•
Actions: flexes vertebral column (draws thorax
downward), rotates vertebral column (torso),
laterally flexes vertebral column (torso),
compress abdomen.
•
Innervation: The external oblique muscle is
innervated by ventral branches of the lower 6
intercostal (thoracoabdominal) nerves and
the subcostal nerve on each side.
Rhomboideus Major
•
•
•
•
Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae.
Insertion: Medial border of scapula inferior
to spine of scapula.
Actions: Retracts and elevates the medial
border of scapula while it downwardly
rotates the lateral angle.
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5).
External Anal Sphincter
•
•
•
•
Origin: perineal body or central tendinous
point of the perineum
Insertion: encircles the anal canal;
superficial fibers attach to coccyx.
Action: constricts the anal canal
Innervation: inferior rectal nerves (from the
pudendal nerve)
Rectus Femoris
• Origin: anterior inferior iliac
spine
• Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via
patellar tendon, patella and
patellar ligament.
• Action: Extends leg at knee,
flexes thigh at hip
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
(L2-L3)
Biceps Femoris
• Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
• Insertion: Head of fibula and
lateral condyle of tibia.
• Action: : Extends femur, flexes
knee, laterally rotates leg if
knee is flexed
• Innervation: Tibial part of
sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Biceps Femoris
Buccinator
Buccinator
Origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Orbicularis Oris
Function: Compresses cheek into the teeth for
chewing.
Innervation: Deep buccal branches of the facial
nerve (C.N. VII)
Zygomaticus
Zygomaticus
Origin: Anterior surface of zygomatic bone
Insertion: Fascia and fibers of orbicularis oris at angle
of mouth
Function: Elevates and draws angle of mouth laterally
Innervation: zygomatic and buccal branches of the
facial nerve (VII)
Adductor Longus
• Origin:
• Insertion: middle third of the linea aspera.
• Function: adduct and laterally rotate the femur.
• Innervation: obturator nerve ( )
Adductor
Magnus
and
Longus
Adductor Magnus
• Origin:
• Insertion: Adductor tubercle on the medial condyle
of the femur and linea aspera
• Action: Medial rotator when the leg is rotated
outwards and flexed, extends the hip joint
• Innervation: posterior division of the obturator
nerve ( ) and tibial nerve.
Origin: Medial Epicondyle (Common Flexor Tendon)
and Coronoid Process of Ulna
Insertion: Middle of the lateral surface of the shaft of
the radius.
Function– Pronation and flexion of the forearm
Innervation: Median Nerve
• Origin: Medial, anterior surface of the Ulna
• Insertion: Lateral, anterior surface of the Radius
• Function:
• Innervation: Median Nerve (Anterior interosseous
Nerve)
Hamstrings Muscle Group
•
•
There are 2 groups of Hamstring Muscles (3 muscles in each leg)
They are located on the posterior thigh.
– Semitendinosus:
• Origin: upper in quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Upper medial shaft of tibia below gracilis
• Function/Action: Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip
• Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve.
– Semimembranosus:
• Origin: upper outer quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: medial condyle of tibia below articular margin, fascia over
popliteus and oblique popliteal ligament
• Function/Action: Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip
• Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)
Biceps Femoris
Origin: Long head; upper inner quadrant of posterior
surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head; middle third of
linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur.
Insertion: Styloid process of head of fibula. Lateral
collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle.
Action: Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head
extends hip.
Nerve Supply: Long head; tibial portion of sciatic nerve.
Short head; common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve
(both L5, S1)
Quadriceps Muscle Group
• 2 groups of Quadricep Muscles ( 4 muscles in each leg)
• They cover the front and sides of the thigh.
– Rectus Femoris:
• Origin: Straight head; anterior inferior iliac spine. Reflected head; ilium
above acetabulum.
• Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into
tubercle of tibia.
• Function/Action: Extends leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip.
• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
– Vastus Lateralis (Externus):
• Origin: Upper intertrochanteric line, base of greater trochanter, lateral linea
aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum.
• Insertion: Lateral quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae
into tubercle of tibia.
• Function/Action: Extends knee.
• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
Quadriceps continued...
– Vastus Intermedius:
• Origin: Anterior and lateral shaft of femur.
• Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into
tubercle of tibia.
• Function/Action: Extends knee
• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4)
– Vastus Medialis (Internus):
• Origin: Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera
and medial intermuscular septum.
• Insertion: Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into
medial patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia.
• Function/Action: Extends knee, Stabilizes patella.
• Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
Quadriceps Muscles
• Orbicularis Oculi
• ORIGIN - medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac
• INSERTION - Lateral palpebral raphe
• ACTION - Closes eyelids, aids drainage of tears
• NERVE - Temporal and zygomatic branches of facial
•
nerve ( CN VII)
Orbicularis Oculi
• Orbicularis Oris
ORIGIN - Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla
and mandible
INSERTION - Mucous membrane of margin of lips and
raphe with buccinator at modiolus
ACTION - Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and
puckers lip edges
NERVE -
Orbicularis Oris
UNIQUE INFORMATION
#
ORBICULARIS
OCULI
-Facial paralysis affects the
orbicularis oculi muscle.
-The inability to close the eye causes
it to dry out, resulting in pain or
blindness.
2
ORBICULARIS
ORIS
-In common language, the orbicularis
oris is often referred to as "the kissing 1
muscle."
Frontalis
* There is only 1 Frontalis muscle in the human
body.
* The Frontalis is located
across the top of the Frontal
Bone.
* The Frontalis are joined
together above the root
of the nose and to the top of
The Frontal Bone.
Frontalis Continued...
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
* Function: Facial expressions such as lifting
skin of forehead and eyebrows.
Occipitalis
• There is only one Occipitalis muscle in the human
body.
• The Occipitalis is located
Along the back of the head
Across the Occipital Bone.
• The Occipitalis is joined
Together by tendinous fiber
Running from the Occipital
Bone.
Occipitalis continued...
• Function: Moving the scalp posterior
• Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Peroneus Longus (Fibularis Longus)
• How Many: 2
• Origin: Upper two thirds of
lateral shaft of fibula
• Insertion: Tarsal and metatarsal
bones
• Action: Plantar flexion and
eversion of foot; also supports
arch
• Innervation: Superficial
peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Peroneus Tertius (Fibularis Tertius)
• How Many: 2
• Origin: Anterior surface of
fibula
• Insertion: Dorsal surface of the
base of the 5th metatarsal
• Action: Dorsiflexion and
eversion of foot
• Innervation: Deep peroneal
nerve (L5, S1)
Tibialis Anterior and Posterior
Information...
• Origin: Anterior - upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and
interosseous membrane. Posterior – Upper half of posterior
shaft of tibia and upper half of fibula between medial nerve
crest and interosseous border, and interosseous membrane.
• Insertion: Anterior – Inferomedial aspect of medical
cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal. Posterior – Tuberosity of
navicular bone and all tarsal bones (except talus) and spring
ligament.
• Action: Anterior – Extends and inverts foot at ankle & holds
up medial longitudinal arch of foot. Posterior – Plantar flexes
and inverts foot & supports medial longitudinal arch of foot.
Nerve supply
• Anterior: Peroneal, L4, L5, S1
• Posterior: Tibial: L5, S1
•
Origin: Spinous process of vertebrae T7-L5,
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Latissimus
Dorsi
and inferior angle of scapula
•
Insertion : Floor of the intertubercular groove of the
humerus.
•
Action: to abduct or extend and internally rotate the
arm.
•
Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve.
•
‘The Swimmer’s Muscle’
Origin: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament,
medial superior nuchal line, spinous process of vertebrae
C7-T12.)
Trapezious
Insertion: Posterior border of the lateral third of the
clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula.
Action: rotation, retraction , elevation and depression of
scapula.
Nerve supply: Accessory nerve (CN XI), cervical spinal
nerves C3 & C4
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus
Origin: distal lateral supracondylar
ridge
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: extends and abducts hand at
wrist
Nerve supply: Radial nerve, C6, C7
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base 3rd metacarpal (dorsal surface)
Action: extends and abducts the wrist
Nerve supply: C6, C7
The Gracilis Muscle
• Location: Groin
• Function: Responsible for hip
abduction and assists knee flection
Sartorius
• Origin: anterior superior iliac
spine
• Insertion:
• Function:
• Innervation:
Temporalis
Temporalis
Origin: Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line (of the
parietal bone) and infratemporal crest.
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible and anterior
ramus of the mandible.
Action: Elevates mandible (closes jaw) and retracts mandible
(horizontal fibers of posterior part of muscle).
Nerve Supply: Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve
(CN V).
Masseter
Masseter
Origin: superficial portion - zygomatic bone,
deep - zygomatic arch.
Insertion: ramus of the mandible
Action: elevation of mandible (chew food)
Nerve Supply: masseteric nerve of the mandibular
division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)