Transcript document

A.F.M.AMIR HUSSAIN
BPATC
The investigation of word is the beginning
of education.
-Antisthenes the Sophist
Polonius: What do you read, my lord?
Hamlet: Words, words, words
- Shakespeare
Vocabulary
All the words that we know and use are known as
our vocabulary.
Vocabulary is of two types:
Active Vocabulary
 Passive Vocabulary
The active vocabulary consists of the words we use
everyday for our daily needs.
The passive vocabulary consists of the words we know in
order to understand what we read and hear.

Words are the building blocks of language.
Words are indeed the bricks of which the
edifice of language is made. There are
utility, beauty and power in them. The
human personality, expressing itself in
thoughts and sentiments is embedded in the
word. It is thus an instrument of civilization.
Accuracy
Rhetoric
(Ornamental use)
Grammar
(Correct composition)
phonetics
(Pronunciation)
Orthography
(Spelling)
Semantics
(Meaning)
Etymology
(Derivation)
Oratory
(Effective speaking)
Prosody (Set in metre)
Simplicity of the language

Less familiar
Ascertain
Conceptualize
Encompass
Hypothesize
Monitor
Operational
Option

Simple alternatives
Find out
See
Include
Guess
Check
Working
Choice
Cont.
Less Familiar
 Perpetuate
 Perplexing
 Reciprocate
 Stipulate
 Terminate
 Utilize
Simple Alternatives
Continue
 Troubling
 Return
 Require
 End
 Use

What do you need to learn?
1. How many words are there in English?
a. 10,000 b. 1,00,000 c. 2,50,000 d. 5,00,000
2. Winston Churchill was famous for his particularly large
vocabulary. How many words did he use in his writing?
a. 10,000 b. 60,000 c. 1,00,000 d. 1,20,000
3. How many words does the average native English
speaker use in his or her everyday speech?
a. 2,500 b. 5,000 c. 7,500 d. 10,000
4. How many words make up 45% of everything written
in English?
a. 50 b. 250 c. 1,000 d. 2,500
What does knowing a new word
mean?
It is not enough just to know the meaning of
a word.You also need to know:
a) What words it is usually associated with.
b) Whether it has any particular
grammatical characteristics.
c) How it is pronounced.
Try to learn new words not in isolation but in
phrases.
What does knowing a new word
mean?(Cont.)
Write down adjectives together with nouns
they are often associated with and vice
versa, e.g. royal family, rich vocabulary.
Write down verbs with the structures and
nouns associated with them, e.g., to add to
our knowledge of the subject, to express an
opinion.
What does knowing a new word
mean?
Write down nouns in phrases, e.g. in contact
with; a train set; sheds of opinion.
Write down words with their prepositions,
e.g. at a high level; thanks to your help.
Note any grammatical characteristics of the
words you are studying. For example, note
when a verb is singular and when a noun is
uncountable or is only used in the plural.
Techniques of Enriching Vocabulary
1. The use of a good dictionary
2. The Reading of Newspaper, Journals
3. Listening to BBC, CNN & other channels
4. Watching English Movies
5. The knowledge of Mnemonics
6. The Knowledge of Derivatives
7. Contextual Meaning
Techniques of Enriching Vocabulary(Cont.)
8. The Use of Appropriate Diction
9. Knowledge of Neologism in English
10.The Knowledge of different English
11. Blended Words, Initialism, Acronyms,
Abbreviations
12. Knowledge of Synonyms and Antonyms
13. Etymological Sense
The Use of Mnemonics
Every name is called a noun,
As field and fountain, street and town;
In place of noun the pronoun stands,
As he and she can clap their hands;
The adjective describes a thing,
As magic wand or bridal ring;
The verb means action something done,
To read and write to jump and run;
Mnemonics (Cont.)
How things are done adverbs tell
As quickly, slowly, badly, well
The Preposition shows relation
As in the street or at the station
Conjunctions join in many ways,
Sentences, words or phrase and phrase
The interjection cries out, hark!
I need an exclamation mark.
-Children’s Rhyme
Blending
BrunchCamcorderChocaholicEurocratEurovisionMotelOxbridge-
Breakfast+ Lunch
Camera+ Recorder
Choclate+Alcoholic
European Bureaucrat
European Television
Motor+Hotel
Oxford +Cambridge
Blending (Cont.)
Smog- Smoke +Fog
Telecast- Television Broadcast
Tunch- Tea+Lunch
Blot- Black +Spot
Bit- Binary+Digit
Slender- Slight +Tender
The Knowledge of Derivatives
Suffixes that indicate a Noun
age- mileage, usage, wastage
al- arrival, committal, removal
ant- combatant, contestant
ation- admiration
er- writer, worker, shopper, teacher
ery- greenery, knavery, slavery
Cont.
Ese- Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese
Ess- enchantress, hostess, watress
Ette- kitchenett, laundrette, usherette
Ful- bellyful, joyful,spoonful
Hood- childhood, fatherhood, spinsterhood
Ian- Arcadian, Canadian
Ion- Action, expression, suggestion
Cont.
Ing- carpeting, flooring, morning
Ism-idealism,localism,nationalism
Ist- communist, Maoist, socialist, unionist
Ite- Luddite-socialite, stalinite, Thatcherite,
Ity- adversity, hostility, perversity, stupidity
Let- booklet, flatlet, piglet
Ling- duckling, gosling, underling
Cont.
Ment- employment, enjoyment, excitement
Ness- cleanliness, goodness, happiness
Crat- bureaucrat, democrat, meritocrat
Or- objector, prospector, survivor
Ship- friendship, ownership, stewardship
Ster- gangster, trickster, youngster
Ty- beauty, cruelty, poverty
Common Adjectival Word endings
Ish- reddish, greenish, youngish
Ful-useful, bashful, plentiful
Ing- boring, middling, shocking
Less- fearless, hatless, sunless
Like- warlike, glass-like
Ly- saintly, godly, kingly
Y-sunny, rainy, stony, dirty
Cont.
Ous- plenteous, courteous, chivalrous
Ic- volcanic, heroic, microscopic
En- flaxen, molten, brazen,waxen
Able/ible- charitable, hospitable, breakable
Al- industrial, herbal, provincial
Ar- angular, molecular, solar,lunar
Worthy-newsworthy, airworthy
Proof-rainproof, bombproof, waterproof
Verb suffixes
A/ab- abdicate, abhor, abide, abolish
Ac- accelerate, accept, accede, account
Ad/af/ap-adhere, admire, affirm, appeal
Co-coexist, cohabit, cooperate
Con-concede, concur, confess
Com- commit, complain,compose
De- decline, decorate, decry
Cont.
Dis- disable, discover, dismiss, disqualify
En- enfold, enchant, encase, envelop
Over- overcome, overflow,override
In- infringe, invade,intrude, introduce
Inter-intercede, interfere, interrupt
Out- outdo, outfight, outplay
With- withdraw, withhold, withstand
Sub- subject, subjoin, submit
Un- unbend, undo, unzip, unloose
Common verb Suffixes
Ate- fascinate, incapacitate, orchestrate
Er- batter, clatter, glitter, sever
Ify- deify, glorify, simplify, beautify
Ise- advertise, oxidise, realise
Ish- establish, famish, finish, nourish
Mit- admit, demit, submit
Accuracy





Only he promised to read the first chapter of the
book.
He only promised to read the first chapter of the
book.
He promised only to read the first chapter of the
book.
He promised to read only the first chapter of the
book.
He promised to read the first chapter of the book
only.
+ + + +
Great Generosity
Suggest dignity
Suggest strength
Good quality
Well proportioned
Sexual Attraction
Suggest lightness
Causing Pleasure
Suggest femininity
+
Suggest smallness
Attractive
Worthy of love
+
Close to ideal
Pleasant impression
+
Pretty
+
+
+ +
Charming
+ +
+
+
Lovely
Arouse Interest
+
+
+
Good
+
Looking
Handsome +
+
Beautiful
W M C D B
o a h o i
m n i g R
a
L
d
n
d
F
L
o
w
e
r
W
e
a
t
h
e
r
V D V H F
i a il o u
e y l u r
w
a s ni
g e tu
e
r
e
P
i
C
t
U
R
e
D
R
E
S
s
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
Beautiful
+
+ ++ + + ++ + + + + + +
Lovely
+
+ +
Pretty
Charming
+
+
+ + +
Attractive
+ +
+ + ++ + + + + + +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+
Good-looking + + + +
Handsome
+
P
r
o
p
o
s
a
l
+
Cont.

Depend…t/ depend…t
Europe is still ……….on Middle East oil.
You can get an extra pension for an adult….
de….rt/ de….rt
Where exactly is the Sahara…….?
For ………there was ice cream.
Cont.






Ext….nt/ ext…nt
The oldest ………document is dated 1234.
The full………….of losses was disclosed
yesterday.
Lic….e/ lic…e
The car is ……..d and insured.
She is taking her driving ……..test tomorrow.
ont.

2. Advi…..e/ advi….e
She went to a psychiatrist for ………………
I would strongly…………you against buying
that car.
3. Station….ry/ station….ry
Use the handbrake when your vehicle is ……
He had a shop which sold……………
Grammar- Necessary or not?
IF THE SINGULAR IS THIS
AND THE PLURAL IS THESE
WHY NOT THE PLURAL OF KISS
SHOULD BE WRITTEN KESE
-anonymous
Appropriate Diction

Mr. Kuddus was a quiet man who loved a quiet
life in quiet corner of new Dhaka.His only
servant was a quiet man of fifty who used to
look after the household quietly but efficiently.
Every morning people would see Kuddus
sitting quietly on the bank of the quiet lake
close to his premises. He would be found
fishing but in fact he would be drinking in the
essence of quiet distilled from the quiet waters
and quiet woods of the lake. Life was indeed
quiet.
Cont.

Depend…t/ depend…t
Europe is still ……….on Middle East oil.
You can get an extra pension for an adult….
de….rt/ de….rt
Where exactly is the Sahara…….?
For ………there was ice cream.
Cont.






Ext….nt/ ext…nt
The oldest ………document is dated 1234.
The full………….of losses was disclosed
yesterday.
Lic….e/ lic…e
The car is ……..d and insured.
She is taking her driving ……..test tomorrow.
ont.

2. Advi…..e/ advi….e
She went to a psychiatrist for ………………
I would strongly…………you against buying
that car.
3. Station….ry/ station….ry
Use the handbrake when your vehicle is ……
He had a shop which sold……………
Mnemonics (Memory Aid)
A
Rat in the house might eat
Tom’s ice cream.
[Take the first letter of all the words]
 Mat he mat ICS
[Just combine the words]
Mnemonics
 Psychology
[p c cholo jai]
 Lie u ten ant
 Devastate
[Interchange the letters d & v]
New Words
Girlpower
Adultscent
Dimania
Faxable
Eco-friendly
Teleworking
Fatwa
Neologism in English
Acharya
Agarbatti
Ahimsa
Allah
Aman
Ameer/Amir
Amrita
Neologism (Cont.)
Asana
As(h)ram
Atma
Atta
Aus
Avatar
Ayah
Ayueveda
Baboo
Neologism (Cont.)
Backsheesh/ backshish/ baksheesh,
buckshish/ backshish
Badmash/budmash/ budmush
Bael
Bahadur
Bandor
Bandh
Neologism (Cont.)
Bandobast, bandobust
Batta
Beegah
Begum
Benami
Bhang
Bidi
Neologism (Cont.)
Chamcha
Chamar
Chapaticharka
Chatta
Sircar/sirkar
Sirdar
Sufi
Neologism (Cont.)
Tantra
Tasar
Tat
Thana
Ticca
Tola
Tulwar
Neologism (Cont.)
Chutney
Cutcha
Cutcher®y
Dak
Dak-bugalow
Dakoit
Dakoiti
Neologism (Cont.)
Goonda
Gooroo
Haj
Hat
Hookum
Isabgul
Izzat
Dalal
Dekko
Dervish
Dewani
Dhal
Dharma
Dobhash
Neologism (Cont.)
Jheel
Karkhana
Kaji, Kazi
Kanungo
Inam
Darshan
Kurta
Eblish
Eka
Ekka
Fatwa
Ganja
Ghee
Gherao
Lota
Malik
Namaskar
Nazzar
Paramatma
Pucca
Romal
Neologism (Cont.)
Rooty
Sadhu
Sahib
Sakti
Shaitan
Shamiana
Shola
Neologism (Cont.)
Svarga
Swami
Tabla
Tahsil/Tehsil
Taj
Taka
taluk
Neologism (Cont.)
Soojee
Sraddha
Sultan
Sultana
Sundari
Sunni
Sura
Neologism (Cont.)
Yug(a)
Zamindar/Zemindar/Zemindari
Zillah
Zoolum
Chittack
Chitty
Chokidar
INITIALISMS
ASAP
BTW
FAQ
FYI
IMHO
Cont.
LOL
TIA
TTFN
KISS
ADKSO
Derivatives
self-cleaning
cleanlily
cleaning
clenliness
cleanly
cleanness uncleanliness
overcleaning
overclean
uncleanable
unclean
recleaning
cleanable
cleanish
cleaner
uncleanness
reclean
Clean
uncleanly
cleanse
cleanser
cleansing
Vocabulary
All the words that we know and use are known as
our vocabulary.
Vocabulary is of two types:
Active Vocabulary
 Passive Vocabulary
The active vocabulary consists of the words we use
everyday for our daily needs.
The passive vocabulary consists of the words we know in
order to understand what we read and hear.

Bigha
Bismillah
Brahman
Bundook
Bustee
Cabobs
calpa
The investigation of word is the beginning
of education.
-Antisthenes the Sophist
Polonius: What do you read, my lord?
Hamlet: Words, words, words
- Shakespeare
Words are the building blocks of language.
Words are indeed the bricks of which the
edifice of language is made. There are
utility, beauty and power in them. The
human personality, expressing itself in
thoughts and sentiments is embedded in the
word. It is thus an instrument of civilization.
The investigation of word is the beginning
of education.
-Antisthenes the Sophist
Polonius: What do you read, my lord?
Hamlet: Words, words, words
- Shakespeare