Transcript Do Now – Write these 10 words in your journal. Be careful with

Do Now – Write these 10 words
on paper. Be careful with
spelling.
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
parade
sketch
skunk
school
tea
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
boomerang
igloo
alligator
balcony
magazine
Next, put a star behind any word
that you think has its origin in
English.
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
parade
sketch
skunk
school
tea
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
boomerang
igloo
alligator
balcony
magazine
Only 15% of the words we use
are native to English. The rest
have been borrowed or adapted
from other languages.
1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
parade
sketch
skunk
school
tea
2)
4)
6)
8)
10)
boomerang
igloo
alligator
balcony
magazine
•The answers to these
questions lie in the study
of etymology.
•This is the study of the
origins of words and
how they evolved
over time.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
www.wordfocus.com
• The word etymology is derived from the
Greek etumos which means real or true.
• The ending ‘ology’ suggests the study
or science of something, as in biology or
geology.
• That is the etymology of etymology.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
What is
etymology?
• Here is an example:
• The Ancient Greek word
hippos means horse.
• And potamus means river.
• Hippopotamus literally
means river horse.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
No one knows exactly when English
branched off as a separate language.
However, historians do know that a
form of English was being spoken by
tribes of people in the fifth century.
Try the word sort activity.
In the pack are 4 different words. Each of
these words has matches. The matches
show a “family resemblance.”
Can you match the words to their relatives?
Line the matching words up in a column.
When you are done, raise your hand for me
to check your work.
Word Sort Matches
•
•
•
•
•
Night
Nacht German
Nicht Scots
Natt Swedish
Noc Polish
•Salt
•Salz German
•Sal Spanish
•Sol Polish
•Solt Icelandic
Word Sort Matches
•
•
•
•
•
Star
Stella Italian
Stern German
Ster Dutch
Estrella Spanish
•Cold
•Kalt German
•Koud Dutch
•Koldt Danish
•Kaldt Norwegian
Although each language is
unique, you can still see the
family resemblance.
These are called COGNATES.
Why do different languages share
similar words for the same things?
RPDP Secondary Literacy
Where do words come from?
• Have you ever eaten a burrito? Do you
like chop suey?
• Only 15% of the words we use are native
to English.
• The rest are borrowed or adapted from
other languages as English people came
into contact with people from other
cultures and lands.
Historical Influences of English
Countries Conquered England
People Traveled
New words were invented and old ones adapted
Latin was the language of ancient Rome.
As the Romans conquered Europe,
the Latin language spread.
Since England was part of
the Roman Empire for close
to 400 years, Latin was its
written language.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
words that have a common
etymological origin
Spanish is a language that evolved from Latin
over the last 2,000 years.
English borrowed thousands of words from Latin,
many of them the same words that Spanish
uses.
Both languages have also borrowed many words
from Greek.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
English
Spanish
family
familia
center
centro
radio
radio
class
clase
desert
desierto
magic
magia
gorilla
gorila
RPDP Secondary Literacy
For hundreds of years after the fall of
the Roman Empire, Latin was the
language of education and knowledge
in Europe.
This explains why so many terms we
use connected with knowledge,
religion, or education are of
Latin origin.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
English did not develop only
from Latin.
• Early English was the language of
tribes who invaded England from the
East, from what is now Germany.
• This tells us why words in German
and English are often similar.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
In the 11th century, when the French
invaded England, many French
words were also introduced.
Over time, many more words were
introduced into English from other
European countries.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
During the 17th and 18th centuries,
dictionary writers and grammarians
felt that English was an imperfect
language and Latin was perfect.
To improve the English
language, they made up
many English words from
Latin roots.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
• They used Greek roots also since
• Greek was considered the
• language of the arts.
•
•
•
•
The Greeks were the first
Europeans to use an alphabet, to
theorize about language, and to
frame language categories.
RPDP Secondary Literacy
By the 1300’s, written English looked
similar to the English we use today.
However, English-speaking people of that
time still pronounced words differently
from the way we do.
How do you pronounce this word? How do
you spell it?
knight
• Changes in pronunciations help account for
many of the English words that aren’t spelled
like they sound.
• The letter “k” remained part of the spelling
even though the “k” sound was dropped.
Look at samples in packet.
• How Language Changes
Exercise 14: page 701
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Look up each word in the dictionary and find
the language from which it comes from.
Camel
Molasses
Kosher
Canoe
honor
Dictionary
• Worksheet “Where Our Words Come
From”
• Promenade
• Raccoon
*Remember to write the first language and
the last language.
Try Our International Fare
• Turn to the page in your packet with the
two characters sitting at a restaurant table.
Standard American English
• Every variety of English has it own set of
rules and guidelines. No variety is the
best or the most correct.
• However, one kind of English is more
widely used and accepted than others in
the United States.
Standard American English
• It belongs to all of us.
• It is commonly understood.
• It allows people from many different
regions and cultures to communicate.
Standard American English
• It is the variety of English used most often:
* in books
* in magazines
* on television
* on the radio
• It is expected in most school and
business/work situations.
NONSTANDARD
means not - standard
• Nonstandard doesn’t mean wrong
language.
• It means that the language is
inappropriate in situations where
standard English is expected.
Examples of nonstandard English
JARGON
• A special language that is used
by people who share the same
–A. Profession or occupation
–B. Sport
–C. Hobby
*See practice worksheet.
JARGON
• Think of a sport or hobby that interests
you.
• Can you name at least 3 jargon words?
SLANG
• Consists of made-up words or old words
used in new ways.
• A special language used by a particular
group of people….
teenagers and musicians
SLANG
• Although slang words seem up-to-date
when they’re first used, they tend to fall
out of style very quickly.
Mrs. Thorwart says, “That’s a cool set of
wheels, dude. That last scene really broke
me up. Where did you get
those neat shoes?
They are rad, man!”
SLANG
Slang is nonstandard. Don’t use it in a
classroom setting.
Don’t use slang in essays, test answers, or
reports.
If you do, your audience may think you are
not serious about your subject.
Standard vs. Nonstandard
• Make of list of at least 5 places and times
where and when you should use standard
American English.
• Make of list of at least 5 places where and
when nonstandard English might be
allowed.
Read a story with slang.
• With your partner, take turns reading the
story with slang.
• As you read, underline each word that is
slang.
• When you are finished reading, circle at
least three slang words you never heard
used before.
Your SLANG
• Make a list of slang words that you have heard
or used.
• After each slang word, write the standard
translation (tell what the word means).
• Make sure they are appropriate for school.
• Remember, cussing, cursing, or profanity is
never acceptable.
On the other side of the note card,
respond to this statement.
•Tell 2 major points
you learned from
today’s lesson.