Transcript can - Napa Valley College

Chapter 5
Integumentary
System
Learning Outcomes:
 Describe the Integumentary system
 List the functions of the skin
 Indentify medical words related to the
Integumentary system
 Describe laboratory tests and
procedures related to the
Integumentary system
 Identify and define some abbreviations
Integumentary System Includes:
 Skin (cutaneous membrane)
 Subcutaneous tissue below the skin
 Accessory Structures
Sweat glands
 Sebaceous or oil glands
 Hair
 Nails

Introduction:
 The Integumentary system is also known
as the skin.
 This includes hair, nails and glands.
(Known as the Accessory Organs)
 Integument means covering
 Skin is the outer covering of the body
 Weighs about 8 to 10 pounds
 Covers 18 to 22 square feet of an adult
Functions:
 Protective membrane
 Maintains and regulates body
temperature (holds moisture in)
 Acts as receptors for sensation
Such as pain, pressure, pleasure (touch),
temperature
 Fights off bacterial invasion
Structure:
 Varies through out the body
 Stretchable and tough with different
thickness
 Thick on palms of hand, soles of feet
 Thin on eyelids
 Initially firm and elastic, but with age
becomes dry and wrinkled
 Three layers
Epidermis:
 Outer most totally cellular layer: basal;
prickle-cell; granular; clear; and horny.
 Composed of epithelium (squamous)
which covers the internal and external
surfaces of the body
 Has no blood vessels, lymphatic vessels,
connective tissue, cartilage or fat
 Depends on the deeper dermis (corium)
for nourishment
Epidermis contd:
 Deepest layer in the epidermis is called the
basal layer
 Cells in the basal layer are always growing and
multiplying
 As they die they are pushed upwards and away
from the blood supply of the dermis layer by
younger cells
 These cells then shrink, loose their nuclei, die
and become filled with a hard protein called
keratin which are then called Horney cells.
Epidermis contd:
 Cells die at the same rate at which they
are born
 Basal Layer contain cells called
melanocytes.
 Melanocytes contain black pigment
called Melanin
 Amount of active Melanin in our skin
dictates the color of our skin
Dermis:
 Second layer
 Also known as the corium
 Living tissue composed of blood, lymph,
vessels and nerve fibers as well as the
accessory organs of the skin
 Contains connective tissue cells and
fibers that support this system
 Has 3 different types of connective
tissue cells
Dermis contd:
 Fibroblasts: acts to repair an injury to the
skin
 Histiocytes: protects the body surface by
surrounding foreign materials
 Mast Cells: contain histamine, a
substance released in allergies that
causes itching
Dermis contd:
 Fibers in the dermis are composed of
collagen
 Collagen means ‘glue’
 It is a fibrous protein material found in
bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
as well as the skin
 It is tough but also flexible.
 Collagen fibers support and protect the
blood and nerve networks that pass
through the dermis
Subcutaneous:
 Beneath the skin containing adipose
tissue, connective tissue, vessels and
nerves
 Protects deeper tissues of the body
 Acts as a heat insulator
 Connects the Dermis to the muscles and
organs below it.
Accessory Organs of the skin:
Hair
 Composed of a network of horny cells
filled with a hard protein called Keratin
 Deep –lying cells in the hair roots move
forward through the hair follicles, or
shafts that hold the hair fibers creating
growth
 Melanocytes are located at the root of
the hair follicles
Nails
 Hard Keratin plates that cover the top
surface of the last bone of each finger
and toe.
 Composed of Horney cells that are
cemented together and can extend
indefinitely until cut or broken
 Nail grows in thickness and length as a
result of division of cells in the region of
the nail root (base)
Glands: Sebaceous
 Located in the dermal layer
 Located through out body except in the
palms and soles of feet.
 Secrete an oily substance called Sebum
 It lubricates the skin and minimizes
water loss
 Influenced by sex hormones.
Sebaceous Gland
These glands produce a substance
called sebum.
 This oil spreads out on the skins
surface making the skin:


more flexible
and waterproof.
Sweat:
 Tiny coiled glands found on almost all
body surfaces (~2 mil)
 A large number are found in the palm of
your hand and sole of feet
 The tiny opening on the surface is called
a pore
 Sweat cools the body as it evaporates
 Perspiration is controlled by the
sympathetic nervous system
Root words:
 Aden/o
 Adip/o
 Albin/o
 Aut/o
 Bi/o
 Blephar/o
 Carcin/o
 Cutane/o
Gland
Fat
White
Self
Life
Eyelid
Carcinoma
Skin
Root Words Contd:
 Cry/o
 Cyan/o
 Derm/o, Dermat/o
 Diaphor/o
 Erythem/o
 Hidr/o
 Histi/o
 Kerat/o
Cold
Blue
Skin
Profuse sweating
Red
sweat
Tissue
Hard, horny like
Root Words contd:
 Leuk/o
 Lip/o
 Melan/o
 Myc/o
 Necr/o
 Onych/o
 Pil/o
 Py/o
White
Fat
Black
Fungus
Deat (cell or body)
Nail
Hair
Pus
Root words Contd:
 Sclera/o
 Seb/o
 Squam/o
 Steat/o
 Xanth/o
Hardening
Sebum
scale
Fat
Yellow
Prefix:
 Epi Para-
 Per Sub-
On, over, upon
Beside, beyond,
around
through
Under, below
Suffix:
 -itis
 -malacia
 -opsy
 -orrhea
 -phagia
 -plasty

inflammation
softening
view of
excessive
flow/discharge
eating or
swallowing
surgical repair
Papule
 Small solid elevation of the skin
 < 1 cm in diameter e.g. pimple
Nodule
 Solid elevation of the skin
 >1cm in diameter e.g. enlarged lymph
node
 Very large nodule is a
Tumor
Testing:
Two major ways:
 Bacterial analysis
Performed by taking a sample of a purulent
(pus filled) material or exudates (fluid
that accumulates in the space of tissue)
 Fungal testing:
Occurs when scrapings from the skin
lesion are placed on a growth medium
for several weeks and then examined for
evidence of fungal growth.
Statement of the Problem
Even though we have been
educated on the dangers of skin
cancer and its prevention,
Melanoma/skin cancer continues to
increase at an alarming rate.
Prevention
 Sun Block
 Reduce your Exposure of the Sun
 Protective Clothing
 Self Exam
 Dermatology visits
 Education and Awareness
Need to review:
 Diagnostic and Lab test page 114 – 115
 Abbreviations page 115
Anatomy of the Skin
 Upper layer of skin is called EPIDERMIS
EPI- means on top of
DERMIS means skin
 The lower layer of skin is called the
DERMIS.