Transcript Slide 1

The
skin is considered to be:
› A membrane because it covers the
body
› An organ because it contains
several kinds of tissues
› A system because it has organs and
other parts that work together for a
specific function
On an average adult,
the skin covers over 3,000
square inches of surface
area and accounts for
about 15% of total body
weight.
Protection
 Sensory perception
 Regulation of body temperature
 Storage
 Absorption
 Excretion
 Production

 Epidermis
 Dermis
 Subcutaneous
Outermost layer of skin
 Made of five to six
smaller layers
 Contains no blood
vessels or nerve cells
 Complete regeneration
every 35-45 days

Called the “true skin”
 Contains blood vessels, lymph vessels,
nerves, involuntary muscles, sweat and
oil glands and hair follicles
 Ridges in the dermis forms unique
patterns for each individual (papillae)

 Patterns are used for identification purposes
(fingerprints)
 Innermost
layer of skin
 Made of elastic and fibrous
connective tissue and adipose
(fatty) tissue
 Connects skin to underlying
muscles
Sudoriferous
Sebaceous
glands
glands
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“Sweat glands”
Coiled tubes that extend through dermis
Open on surface of skin at an opening
called a pore
Eliminate sweat or perspiration that
contains water, salts, and some body
wastes
Sweat contains body wastes
Basically odorless
When sweat interacts with bacteria on skin,
body odor occurs
Oil glands
 Usually open onto a hair follicle
 Produce oil called sebum

› Keeps hair from becoming dry and brittle
› Slightly acidic, so it acts as an antibacterial
and antifungal secretion to help prevent
infections

Blackheads or pimples occur when oil
glands becomes plugged with dirt and
oil
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Glands are located
all over the body
except for soles of
feet and palms

Sebaceous glands
help slow water loss
during dry weather
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Absence of skin
pigments
Skin has pinkish tint
Hair is pale yellow or
white
Eyes are red in color
and sensitive to light
Macules- flat, (ex. Freckles)
 Papules- firm, raised areas (ex. Pimples)
 Vesicles-blisters (ex. chickenpox)
 Pustules-pus filled sacs (ex.acne)
 Crusts- dried pus & blood (ex. scabs)
 Wheals- itchy elevated areas (ex. Bites)
 Ulcer-deep loss of skin surface
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Inflammation
of the
skin that results to
overexposure of UV
radiation
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Cancer of the skin. The most common
type of cancer.
› Three types:
1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
Squamous Cell is more
common among fair
skinned people and
people >50yo
Basal Cell-appears at
areas with increased sun
exposure
Melanoma
(change in color
and irregular
border
 Highly
contagious illness
caused by a virus. Starts with
vesicles and spreads quickly
throughout body. Fever
accompanies it.
 Chronic,
non-contagious skin
disease with periods of
exacerbations and remission.
 Symptoms: Thick, red areas
covered with white or silver
scales.
Contagious
viral infection
of the skin
Highly
contagious skin
infection usually caused by
streptococci or
staphylococci organisms.
A
painful sore with a hard
core filled with pus
Inflammation
of body tissue
characterized by swelling,
redness, and pain.
Inflammation
of the
sebaceous glands.
Acute
inflammation of
nerve cells and is caused
by the herpes virus.
Highly
contagious
fungal infection of the
skin or scalp
Causes:
Fungus
Viral
infection of the skin
usually occurring at
pressure points
Cause: Virus
A
highly contagious viral
disease
Cause:
Virus
 Cause:
Chronic Uncontrolled
Blood Sugar
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Note: color, length, configuration,
symmetry, and cleanliness
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Nail base: should feel hard and smooth
with uniform thickness
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Condition of fingernails:
› provide important insight to pt.’s sense of self
› can be reflective of health status
Schmroth’s
Test