Transcript Earth`s Natural Resources

Earth Science Review
Natural Resources
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Two groups
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Energy Resources
Material Resources
Renewable and Nonrenewable
Energy Resources
Provide people with energy
 Sunlight- provide heat and light, and
changed into electricity
 Wind
 Moving water
 Fuels
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Wood, coal, gasoline, and oil
Material Resources
Used to make different products
 Minerals, water, plants, animals, rocks and
soil
 Example: sand used to make glass, wheat
used to make flour
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Renewable and Nonrenewable
Resources
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Renewable resources
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Replaced or replenished by nature
Plants, animals, and water
Nonrenewable
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Forever lost when used up or take a lot of
years to be replaced
Oil, coal, and natural gas
Fossil Fuels
Energy comes from the fossil remains of
organisms
 Burned to provide energy for heating,
cooking, and transportation
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Example: petroleum-liquid fossil fuel; natural
gas-forms on top of petroleum; coal is solid
fossil fuel formed from dead plant material
Other types of energy
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Geothermal
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Heat energy from within the earth
Nuclear
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Comes from the center of the atom
Wind energy-moving air
 Hydroelectric-moving water
 Wave and tidal-ocean
 Solar energy -sun-drives most natural
processes within the atmosphere
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Meteorology
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Earth’s atmosphere
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78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% other
Layers
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Exosphere-outermost layer
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere-nearest the
Earth
Water Cycle
Vocabulary
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Coriolis effect
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Jet stream
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Effect that Earth’s rotation has on the path of
air and water moving at or above its surface
Narrow stream of high-speed wind high in the
atmosphere, generally moving west to east in
the Northern Hemisphere
Global winds
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A wind that blows steadily in the same
direction across thousands of kilometers
Weather
Conditions of the
atmosphere
 Radar is a tool
used for
gathering data
 Station model
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Weather fronts
Clouds
Weather related phenomena
Thunderstorms
 Hurricanes
 Tornadoes
 Brainpop
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Climate
General weather of an area over a long
period of time.
 Latitude- distance of a place north or
south of the equator
 Elevation- distance of a place above sea
level
 Topography- shape of the land- affects the
amount of precipitation an area receives
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World Climates
Watersheds
Watershed vocabulary
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Drainage basin- area of land that drains water
from higher land to lower land and into a stream.
Also known as: watershed
Divides- ridge that separates two drainage basins
Tributaries-A river or stream flowing into a larger
river or lake.
Wetlands-Land consisting of marshes or swamps;
saturated land.
Estuaries- regions where a river flows into the
ocean, and fresh river water mixes with salty
ocean water
Water monitoring- how?
Source of life: water in our environment video
Astronomy
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Study of the planets, stars, galaxies, and all
other objects in space.
Globe- a three dimensional model of Earth
Earth’s axis- imaginary line that runs from its
North Pole, through its center, to its South Pole
Rotation- spin around the axis- takes about 24
hours
Orbit- one revolution around the sun is 365 daysone Earth year
Orbital plane- imaginary surface that contains
Earth’s orbit or its path around the sun
Hemispheres
Northern hemisphere tilts toward the sun
during the summer and away from the sun
during the winter
 Solstices- the days when Earth is most
tilted toward the sun, June 21 and
December 21
 Equinoxes- days when the Earth is not
tilted toward the sun
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Seasons
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Summer Solstice- June 21. Northern hemisphere
is tilted toward the sun. Days become longer and
warmer
Vernal equinox- around March 21. Earth reaches
a point where the tilt is not toward or away from
the sun- day and night length about the same.
Beginnning of Spring
Autumnal equinox- Sept. 22. Tilt is not away or
toward the sun
Winter Solstice- December 21. Northern
hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. Daylight
hours the shortest
Moon phases
Moon phases cont.
Eclipse- occurs when
one object in space
cast a shadow on
another
 Solar eclipse- moon
moves directly
between Earth and
the sun causing the
moon to cast a
shadow on the Earth
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Moon phases cont.
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Lunar eclipseoccurs when Earth
casts a shadow on
the moon. This
happens when the
sun, Earth, and
moon are exactly
lined up with the
Earth in the
middle.
Tides
Changes in ocean
water levels that take
place in a regular
pattern.
 Controlled by pull of
gravity between the
Earth and Moon.
 Tides change four
times a day
 Brainpop-tides
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Solar System
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Includes sun and
all objects in
space that are
affected by the
sun’s gravity.
Moon
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Natural satellite of a
planet
Satellite- an object
that stays in an orbit
around a planet.
Craters- dish shaped
pits formed when
objects from space
struck the surface.
Planets
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Inner planets (terrestrial-Earthlike)-four
planets nearest the sun: Mercury, Venus,
Earth, and Mars
Outer planets (gas giants)- surfaces made
of slush-gaseous atmosphere: Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
 Pluto-not classified as inner or outer.
Appears to made of gases frozen into ice.
 Brainpop-planets
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Solar System cont.
Comet- mixture of frozen gases and tiny
particles of dust.
 Solar wind- particles from the sun
 Meteors- streak of light formed by a space
rock burning up as it plunges into Earth’s
atmosphere
 Meteorite- a rock that strikes the Earth
 Stars- objects in space, made of gases,
which produce their own light and heat.
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Solar System cont.
Light year- a measurement equal to 9.5
trillion kilometers- the distance light
travels in 1 year.
 Nuclear fusion- occur when hydrogen
atoms combine to form helium atoms
 Galaxy- family of stars
 Milky Way Galaxy- Earth’s galaxy-spiral
galaxy.
 Constellations- groups of stars that form
pictures in the night sky
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Constellations