Transcript File
THE AGE OF NAPOLEON Background •Born on Corsica •French ruled island •Studied in French military school •Supported Jacobins •Still torn mentally Early Successes •Rose quickly through military •Success in battle •French port of Toulon •Captured northern Italy •1789 captured Egypt from England Politics •Rose to rank of General •Moved to politics •New constitution •Three-man governing board: Consulate •1802 took title as First Consul for life Self-made Emperor •Acquired support and power •1804 invited Pope to coronation •Crowned himself •Used plebiscite to show support Reforms • Economic reform • Controlled prices, new roads, etc. • Backed off social reforms • Concordat of 1801 • Catholic Church under French control • Freedom of religion • Opened jobs to everyone • No social requirements Napoleonic Code • Equality before law • Advancement based on merit • Undid some Revolution reforms • Women were not citizens • Males regained complete authority over wives and children • Order and authority > individual rights The Grand Empire • Annexed: Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany • Abolished Holy Roman Empire • Established 38-member Confederation under French Control • placed brother on throne in Spain • Boosted French nationalism New Map France Vs. Britain • Britain lone contender • Napoleon attempts invasion 1805 • Waged economic warfare • Continental System: closed European ports to Britain • Britain creates own blockade • Britain able to trade with Americas • Restrictions hurt Europe more Review • Where did Napoleon originally gain his fame? • Why did Napoleon hate the social order in France? • How did Napoleon rise to power as an emperor form a General? • What were 3 reforms Napoleon had in France? • How did the Napoleonic Code change the way citizens looked at law and order? • Why did Britain oppose France? THE END OF AN ERA Ideas Backfired • Spread nationalism across Europe • Resistance of foreign Rule • Spain begins guerrilla warfare against French control • Spain encouraged Austria • Napoleon divorced Josephine and married Hapsburg princess NEVER INVADE RUSSIA! • Czar Alexander I scared of Austrian French alliance • Economic and political problems caused by Napoleon • Russia withdrawals from Continental System • September 1812 - Napoleon invades Russia with 400,000 tropes • Scorched Earth policy by Russia • Napoleon retreated 1000 miles in October • Russia attacks from behind • Only 10,000 survived Downfall • Russia, Britain, Austria and Prussia attack France • Battle of the Nations at Leipzig 1803 • 1804 Napoleon abdicated throne • Exiled to Elba • Louis XVIII given throne back • Fear of old regime arises • Napoleon sneaks off Elba Return & Exile • Returned to power for 100 days • June 18, 1815 • Battle at Waterloo defeated France • Napoleon abdicates again • Exiled to St. Helena (does not return) • Died 1821 Legacy • Napoleonic Code • More citizens held rights • Developed nationalist feelings across Europe • Failure to unite Europe • Abolished Holy Roman Empire • Helped create Germany • Sold Louisiana Territory to a totally awesome new nation Review • Why did Napoleon marry the princess of Austria? • Why did Russia pull away from France and the Continental System? • What form of warfare did Russia use that greatly hurt the French Army? • Where was Napoleon exiled to originally? • What were 3 parts of Napoleon’s legacy in France and Europe? CONGRESS OF VIENNA Gathering of Leaders • September 1814 – June 1815 • Diplomats dined and danced • Kept minor diplomats busy • Austria, Russia, Britain solve problems Goals • Maintain monarchy system • Restore “status quo”? • Balance European powers • Ringed France with strong nations • Belgium & Luxembourg • Prussia given Rhineland • Austria given Northern Italy New Map Problems of Peace •Restored monarchs •Maintained alliance – Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain •Drew new countries •Nationalism arose Closure • Where did Napoleon originally gain his fame? • What are 3 reforms that Napoleon initially instituted in France? • Who did the naval blockades hurt more: Europe or Britain? • Why did Russia withdrawal from the Continental System? • What from of fighting did Russia practice that caused France to retreat? • Where was Napoleon originally exiled to? Where was he exiled the second time? • What were 3 problems with the peace after Vienna?