Transcript World History II

World History II
SOL Review Day 2
WHII 6 a
Scientific Revolution
• What effects did the Scientific revolution
have in the study and practice of Science?
– Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of
nature
– Formulation of scientific method
– Expansion of scientific knowledge
Scientific Revolution
Nicolaus
Copernic
Johannes
Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
William Harvey
Age of Absolutism
• What are the Characteristic of
Absolute monarchies?
– Centralization of power
– Concept of rule by divine right
• What is divine right?
– The belief that their power
comes from God
WHII 6 b
Examples of Absolute Monarchies
• France: Louis XIV
– Built the Palace of Versailles
as a symbol of royal power.
– Known as the Sun King
• Prussia: Frederick the
Great
– Builds a large army
• Russia: Peter the Great of
Russia
– Westernization of Russia
– Built St Petersburg ( warm
water port)
Lets read over English
civil War and Glorious
Revolution Chart
English Civil War and
Glorious Revolution
• Discussion Question:
– How did the English civil War and the Glorious
Revolution promote the developments of the
rights of the English man?
Enlightenment
Human exist in a primitive “State of nature”
and content government for self-protection
Thomas
Hobbes
Liviathan
John Locke
Two Treatises on People are sovereign and constant to
Government
government for protection of natural
rights to life, liberty and property
Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
The Spirit of the
Laws
The Social
Contract
The best form of government
includes a separation of powers.
Government is a contract between
rulers and the people
Voltaire
Candide
Religious toleration should triumph
over religious fanaticism; separation
of church and state.
Enlightenment
• Applied reason to the Human world, as well as to
the rest of the natural world
• Stimulated religious tolerance
• Fueled democratic revolutions around the world
• Influence of the Enlightenment
– Fueled the revolution in the Americas and France
– Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence
incorporated Enlightenment ideas
– The Constitution and the Bill of rights also included
ideas from the Enlightenment
French Revolution
• What were the causes
of the French
Revolution?
– Enlightenment Ideas
– Influence of the
American Revolution
– Social Injustice
– Dislike of Monarchy
Enlightenment Ideas
•Freedom of religion and speech
•Government of the people
Social in Justice
Treatment of the Third Estate (peasants)
Dislike of Louis XVI and Queen
Marie Antoinette
French Revolution
What is this?
Guillotine
• Events
– Storming of the Bastille
– Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror
•
•
•
•
Reign of Terror led by Robespierre
Louis and Marie Antoinette executed
Thousands killed who were possible against
the revolution
Reign of Terror Ends when Robespierre is
beheaded
French Revolution
• Outcomes of the
French Revolution
– End of absolute
monarchy of Louis XVI
– Rise Napoleon
– Napoleon builds a
French Empire in
Europe.
– Influences Latin
American Revolutions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8
gC00avITj0&safety_mode=true&pers
ist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Who Am I?
Age of Reason
• Painting depicted classical
subjects, public events, natural
people (portraits)
• New forms of Literature evolved,
such as the Novel
New Technologies
• All-weather roads improved year-round
transportation
• New designs in farm tools increased
productivity (agricultural revolution)
• Improvements in ship design lowered the cost
of transportation
See how the road is elevated and
slopped to water can easily run off.
Less likely to get puddles!
QUIZ TIME
Question 1
• John Locke is closely associated with which belief?
a. Absolute monarchs are the best form of government
b. The church should always be obeyed regardless of its
message
c. The government should be a contract made by the
people
d. The people never have a right to revolt against the
government
Question 2
• Johannes Kepler is known as a pioneer of the
Scientific Revolution for his
a. Development of the heliocentric theory
b. Formation of the law of gravity
c. Use of the telescope to support the heliocentric
theory
d. Discovery of planetary motion
Question 3
• Peter the Great was a monarch of
a.
b.
c.
d.
France
England
Prussia
Russia
Question 4
• The principle that government derives power
from the consent of the governed is
represented through
a.
b.
c.
d.
Communism
Democracy
Socialism
Oligarchy
Question 5
• The development of the rights of Englishman
included
a.
b.
c.
d.
An increase in royal power
The end of political factions
The rise of power of Charles I
The establishment of common law
Question 6
• The Enlightenment thinker who wrote The
Social Contract was:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Voltaire
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Montesquieu
Question 7
• Which was NOT an application of
Enlightenment thinking?
a. Reason was applied to the human world, not just
the natural world
b. Religious tolerance was encouraged
c. The Scientific Revolution was begun
d. Democratic revolutions around the world were
fueled
Question 8
• The first reigning monarch to face a public
trial and execution was
a.
b.
c.
d.
James I
Charles II
Henry VIII
Charles I
Question 9
• The Separations of powers found in the
United States Constitution comes from the
writing of which Enlightenment thinker?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hobbes
Locke
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Question 10
• The reign of which monarch gave England its
first constitutional monarchy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Charles II
James II
Mary II
Elizabeth I
Latin American and Revolutions
Colonial
governments
mirrored the home
governments
A major element of the
economies was mining of
precious metals
Catholicism had a
strong influence on the
developments of
colonies
Label the South America Cities
Latin America
Viceroys/ colonial
officers
Creoles
** Majority of Revolutions will be lead by this group**
Mestizos
Latin American Revolutions
• Haiti
• Lead by former slave
Toussaint L ‘Ouverture
– Slave rebellion
– Wins independence
after beating three
armies: Spain, France
and Britain
Latin American Revolution
• Mexico:
– Father Miguel Hidalgo started
the Mexican independence
movement
• Believed in enlightenment ideas
– Creoles become armed and
raise army to put down
Hidalgo and rally around Jose
Maria Morelos who leads
independence movement
Latin American Revolutions
• Following Countries
gained independence:
– Mexico
– Haiti
– Colombia
– Venezuela
– Brazil*** what special
about brazil
independence?
Latin American Revolutions
• Simon Bolivar
– Native Venezuelan Creole
who led revolutionary
efforts
– Liberated northern areas of
Latin America
• Venezuela
• Colombia
• Ecuador
I tried to combined them
all together in one state
called Grand Colombia!
Monroe Doctrine
• Define: US policy of
opposition to European
interference in Latin America,
announced by President
James Monroe in 1823
• Latin American nations were
acknowledged to be
independent
QUIZ
Question 1
• Who led a successful revolution in Haiti to
free Haitians from French rule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Simón Bolivar
Napoleon Bonaparte
Jose de San Martin
Question 2
• Who led a successful revolution in the
northern area of South America, eventually
having a country named after him?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Simón Bolivar
Napoleon Bonaparte
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Question 3
• Viceroys were
a.
b.
c.
d.
religious officials.
priests.
explorers.
colonial officials.
Question 4
• Which nation claimed the region extending
from Mexico through South America?
a.
b.
c.
d.
France
Spain
Portugal
The Netherlands
Question 5
• The European colonies in the Americas
a. established new and independent cultures and
social patterns.
b. followed the cultural and social patterns of the
indigenous peoples.
c. imitated the cultures and social patterns of their
parent countries.
d. established a unified cultural and social pattern
for all to follow.
Question 6
• The United States issued the Monroe
Doctrine because
a. there was conflict over who would control Latin
America.
b. American merchants had found rich markets in
Africa.
c. the United States opposed the Spanish king.
d. the United States wanted colonies in South
America.
Question 7
• The country located at number 1 on the map
above is
a.
b.
c.
d.
Mexico.
Columbia.
Venezuela.
Brazil.
1
Question 8
• 8. Revolutions in Latin America were
influenced by
a.
b.
c.
d.
the Renaissance.
the Crusades.
the Civil War in Spain.
the French Revolution.
Question 9
• Who started the Mexican independence
movement?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Simón Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Political and Philosophical
Developments in Europe
I’m grumpy The British beat
• Legacy of Napoleon
me at the battle of Waterloo
– Creating an Empire
• Unsuccessful attempt to unify
• Growth of nationalism in occupied
countries
– Napoleonic code:
• A uniform set of laws. Limited liberty and
promoted order and authority over
individual rights
Congress of Vienna
1.
2.
3.
4.
Make sure that no single
nation would ever dominate
Europe again
“Balance of Power”
There would be NO more Napoleons!
Restoration of Monarchies
New Political Map
New Political philosophies
Bring Back Monarchies that had excited
before Napoleon’s conquest
Legitimate monarchies would stabilize
Return the territories that political relations among nations
Liberalism- Believed in NEW ideas
Napoleon had captured and make
and Conservatism- believed in OLD ideas
France the size it was before the
empire
Nationalism
• The belief that people should be loyal to their
nation- to the people with whom they share a
culture and history –rather than to a king or
queen
Unification of Italy and Germany
Italy- Count Cavour
Germany- Otto von Bismarck
I got help from Giuseppe
Garibaldi who unified
southern Italy
Believed in Realpolitik:
“ The politics of reality”- the
practice of tough power politics
without room for idealism
QUIZ
Question 1
• The Congress of Vienna
a.
b.
c.
d.
supported Napoleon’s attempt to unify Europe.
restored European monarchies.
established democracies in Europe.
reaffirmed the existing European political
boundaries.
Question 2
• The unification of southern Italy was
accomplished by
a.
b.
c.
d.
Count Cavour.
Bismarck.
Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Napoleon.
Question 3
• The Franco-Prussian War led to
a.
b.
c.
d.
an independent France.
an alliance between France and Prussia.
the establishment of an independent Prussia.
the creation of a German state.
Question 4
• What was the significance of the Code of
Napoleon?
a. It was the first European constitution.
b. It was adopted by all European countries within
ten years.
c. It established a series of rights and laws that did
not rely on earlier customs.
d. It specified a return to a limited monarchy in
France.
Question 5
• Attempting to restore Europe as it had been
before the French Revolution and Napoleonic
conquests, the Congress of Vienna left a
legacy of two new political philosophies,
liberalism and
a.
b.
c.
d.
socialism.
conservatism.
imperialism.
anarchism.
Question 6
• Otto von Bismarck coined this term to
describe his political philosophy of “doing
what works instead of what would be ideal.”
a.
b.
c.
d.
Zollverein
Realpolitik
Junker
Mein
Question 7
• . The Congress of Vienna tried to
accomplish all of the following tasks EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
compensation for damages.
restoring legitimate monarchs.
restoring balance of power.
returning Napoleon as leader.
Question 8
• What leader of the Congress of Vienna
opposed the formation of a unified Italian
state?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Count Camillo de Cavour
Otto von Bismarck
Clemens von Metternich
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Question 9
• The “red shirts” under Garibaldi defeated
opponents using guerilla warfare, a military
style best described as
a. large groups of well armed men fighting in the
open.
b. a duel between commanders.
c. small groups striking enemies unexpectedly.
d. fighting in a jungle.
Impact
Industrial revolution
• Why it started in
Landowners forced small farmers to
become tenant farmer of move to
Britain the cities looking for work
– natural resources (coal, iron ore) and the
invention/improvement of the steam engine
– British enclosure movement
British enclosures movement:
Landowners discovered more productive
farming methods to boost crop yields.
Started buying land from village farmers
and fencing off their land.
Industrial Revolution
• Science and Medicine
– Edward Jenner
• Smallpox vaccination
– Louis Pasteur
• Discovery of Bacteria
Economic Developments
Capitalism
Communism
Based of Adams Smith Based of Karl Marx
works
works
Industrialization
• Rise of Labor Unions
– Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand
increased wages and improved working conditions
– Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers,
including women and children
– Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining
between labor and management
Imperialism
• Causes
– Nationalism
– New Markets
– Competition among
European powers
Imperialism in Africa and Asia
• China-limited access because of the Qing
Dynasty
• Suez Canal-built in Egypt to connect the
Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
– Received first help by France and later Britain
• Japan was opened by Commander Matthew
Perry
Responses of Colonized People
• Armed Conflicts
– Example : Boxer Rebellion in China
– What was the Boxer Rebellion?
• Rise of Nationalism
– What event(s) increased the feeling of nationalism
in colonies?
QUIZ
Question 1
• 1. Who developed the smallpox vaccination?
–A
–B
–C
–D
James Watt
Edward Jenner
Louis Pasteur
Henry Bessemer
Question 2
• The Industrial Revolution made an impact on
the industrialized countries of the world by
• A increasing the rural population.
• B decreasing the population.
• C improving transportation.
• D causing worldwide depression.
Question 3
• Adam Smith, in his work Wealth of Nations,
contributed to the development of capitalism
by
• A defending the idea of free markets.
• B suggesting that government limit
competition.
• C promoting the benefits of communism.
• D supporting the theories of socialism.
Question 4
• The information in the box above represents
the impact of
• A Karl Marx.
• B The British Enclosure Movement.
• C Friedrich Engels.
• D The Industrial Revolution.
•Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor.
•Reforms were introduced to end child labor.
•Women increased their demand for suffrage.
•Harsh working conditions were commonplace.
Question 5
•
•
•
•
•
A
B
C
D
The items in the box above are forms of
democracies.
communism.
monarchies.
•Colonies
imperialism.
•Protectorates
•Spheres of influence
Question 6
•
•
•
•
•
Which was NOT a reason for imperialism
to develop?
A Nationalism
B Industrial Revolution
C Religious fervor
D Isolationism
Question 7
• In 1853, Matthew Perry used naval power to
force Japan to
• A trade with the U.S.
• B end the opium trade.
• C cut off trade with Europe.
• D end colonization of Korea.
Question 8
•
•
•
•
•
What German economist/philosopher is
credited with the idea of communism?
A Adam Smith
B James Watt
C Karl Marx
D Adolf Hitler
Question 9
• According to communism, history is
dominated by the struggle between what
two groups?
• A the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
• B the bourgeoisie and the democrats
• C the proletariat and the republicans
• D the democrats and the republicans
Question 10
• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin increased the
demand in the American South for
– A. slaves.
– B. cotton.
– C. wheat.
– D. coal.