Transcript Lesson 4 - Road to Revolutionx

Glorious Revolution
Navigation Acts
Paleo-Indians
Treaty of Tordesillas
Religious Clashes
Salutary Neglect
Barbados
Re-anglicanization
Ottoman Turks
Population Growth
Slavery
Spanish Armada Defeated
English Colonies
Cash Crops
Age of Exploration
Chesapeake, Middle, New England
Nomadic-Agricultural
Portuguese
Rise of Nations
The Great Awakening
Triangular Trade
Recap: Chapter 1-3
Word Splash!
Mercantilism
Christopher Columbus
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World War Zero: The French and
Indian war, 1754-1763
The Duel for North America

Was “1763” a turning point in British-colonial
relations?
CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION
Key Concepts

Prior to 1763, the British subordinated American capital to British
capital

The British success in the French and Indian War transformed the
relationship between British and the American colonies

British policies after 1763 were designed to raise revenues to pay for
the cost of the empire

The American colonists were divided over what course of action to
take in response to the British policies

The Americans created a gov’t, the Continental Congress, to address
the deteriorating relationship between Britain and the colonies
The French in the Americas

France: Britain’s greatest rival
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Colonists naturally favored British

France in North America
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Jacques Cartier: St. Lawrence
River
Samuel De Champlain: Quebec
Cavelier and La Salle: Louisiana
Population difference: 70k vs. 1
million
Education: 25% literacy rate
Relations with Indians: friendlier
European Colonies in the New World
 1750 French and British
imperialistic rivalry
The World Wars
in Europe
in America
1688-1697 War of the League of Augsburg King Wm’s War 1689-1697
1701-1713 War of Sp. Succession
Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713
1740 -1748 War of Austrian Succession
King George’s War 1744-1748
1756-1763 Seven Years War
Fr & Indian War 1754-1763
1778-1783 The American Revolution
American Revolution 1775-1783
1793-1802 Wars of the French Revolution Undeclared Fr. War 1798-1800
1803-1815 Napoleonic Wars
War of 1812 1812-1814
1914 -1918 World War I
World War I 1917-1918
1939-1945 World War II
World War II 1941-1945
North America in 1750

French and Indians
1754  The First Clash
The
Ohio Valley
Note these two
forts!
British
Fort Necessity
* George Washington
French
Fort Duquesne
* Delaware & Shawnee
Indians

FORT DUQUESNE

This compact Vauban style (the original death star!) fort was built partially
of horizontal, squared, oak and chestnut timbers laid in criblocked walls
with tamped earth and rock fill on the land side and upright stockade walls
on the sides abutting the rivers.
FORT NECESSITY
Background
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Born in Virginia, 1732
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Married to Martha Custis
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Personality: Physically brace,
personally proud, composed,
stoic, obsession with selfcontrol

No college education
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Served as a lieutenant colonel
in the French and Indian War
George Washington and War

In the French and Indian War
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

Involved in a massacre he
oversaw
Another one he survived
An embarrassing defeat
And a hollow victory
In the American Revolution

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Suffered horrible losses in
Brandywine
Allowed Philadelphia to be
captured
Played a minor role in the
Victory in Saratoga
Ben Franklin à representatives from
New England, NY, MD, PA

"Join or Die"
This is Benjamin Franklin's 1754 cartoon emphasizing the need for
the various colonies and regions to work together. While this became
a potent message during the revolutionary period of the 1770s, the
cartoon was actually intended to unite colonists against the Indian
threat.
Albany Congress  failed Iroquois
broke off relations with
Britain & threatened to
trade with the French.
The French & Indian War
 1755 British reaction - eliminate Fr.
presence in N. America
Gen. Edward Braddock
evict the French from the
OH Valley & Canada (Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)
A
Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley, & Acadia.
Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and
Indian forces.
A
• Fr and Indians rampage across frontier from Pa. to NC
1756 British-American
Colonial Tensions
Colonials
Methods of
Fighting:
British
• Indian-style guerilla • March in formation or
bayonet charge.
tactics.
Military
• Col. militias served
Organization: under own captains.
• Br. officers wanted to
take charge of colonials.
Military
Discipline:
• No mil. deference or
protocols observed.
• Drills & tough
discipline.
Finances:
• Resistance to rising
taxes.
• Colonists should pay
for their own defense.
Demeanor:
• Casual,
non-professionals.
• Prima Donna Br.
officers with servants
& tea settings.

1757  William Pitt Becomes 
Foreign Minister
A
He understood colonial concerns.
A
He offered them a compromise:
- col. loyalty & mil. cooperation-->Br.
would reimburse col. assemblies for
their costs.
- Lord Loudoun would be removed.
-
appoints James Wolfe to command
RESULTS?  Colonial morale
increased by 1758.
1758-1761 The Tide Turns for
England
* By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.
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BATTLE ON THE PLAINS OF ABRAHAM
1763  Treaty of Paris
France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her
empire in India, and claims to lands east of the
Mississippi River.
Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi
River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive
rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial
dominance
in India.
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North America in 1763
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Worksheet Fr. & Ind. War Transforms Colonial Relations in

N. America
1.
English-French
The first four years saw nothing but severe reverses for the British regulars and American
rivalry worldwide
colonials, primarily because of superior French land forces in the New World. Lack of
2. World War b/w
colonial assistance to the war effort compounded British problems. By the end of 1757,
two
powerful
however, the course of the war began to be altered by three major
influences.
empires
1.
One was the dynamic leadership of the British prime minister, William
Pitt the Elder,
English,
w/ struggle
who saw that victory in North America was the supreme task3.in the
worldwide
and who has been truly called the organizer of victory in the Great
War forhelp,
the Empire.
colonial
fight
2.
The second was the increasing superiority of British financial and Fr.
industrial
resources,
And their
food supplies, and naval equipment, as opposed to growing national
bankruptcy
and
Native
American
economic paralysis faced by France.
allies
3.
Finally, both the British and Americans were becoming seasoned wilderness fighters.
4. Fr. Finally lose war
& are expelled
from N. America
5. Eng. Inherit vast
Jot this on the top of your page.
new land holdings
Quickly list the 5 major causes that follow
in N. America
http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9035340/French-and-Indian-War
Effects of the War on Britain? 
1. It doubled the size of Britain’s North American territory
and it must be governed
2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. They will have to
pay to maintain and control this vast empire. To make
matters worse, citizens in Great Britain were already
heavily taxed.
3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter
feelings. Intractable American colonists were not about
to accept restrictions on their activities. Some colonists,
in fact, were beginning to compete effectively with
British capitalists and refused to subordinate their
economic interests to those of British manufacturers.
4. Hostile NA in the Appalachian region, who felt
threatened by American westward expansion into the
Ohio River Valley, needed to be controlled. - Pontiac’s
Rebellion
Therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her
American Empire was necessary!
Effects of the War on the
American Colonials
1. It united them against a
common enemy for the first
time.
2. It created a socializing
experience for all the
colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings
towards the British that
would only intensify.
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Word Splash
Slavery
French and Indian War
 Discuss what you know
The Age of Exploration
Columbian Exchange
The New World
about the words and
speculate on the subject
matter to be learned
 Categorize the words:
People, Places,
Concepts, Events
 Use the words and
creative a narrative
summarizing what we
have been studying thus
far
Jamestown
New England
Cash Crops
Mercantilism
Salutary Neglect
The Road to Revolution
 SUGAR ACT, 1764
Stamp Act Crisis
Loyal Nine - 1765
Sons of Liberty – began in
NYC:
Samuel
Adams
Non-compliance
No tax collectors
Stamp Act Congress – 1765
* Stamp Act Resolves
Declaratory Act – 1766
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Townshend Duties Crisis:
1767-1770
1767: William Pitt, P. M.
Charles Townshend, Secretary of
the Exchequer (Champagne Charlie).
A
A
Shift from paying taxes for Br. war
debts & quartering of troops à
paying col. govt. salaries.
Tax these imports
paper, paint,
lead, glass, tea.
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Colonial Response to the
Townshend Duties
1. John Dickinson 1768
* Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania.
Like most Americans, no argument w/ Britain’s right
to regulate colonial trade but he did argue with
Britain’s right to tax colonists to raise revenue
2. 1768
2nd non-importation movement:
3. Riots against customs agents:
* John Hancock’s ship, the Liberty.
* 4000 British troops sent to Boston.
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The Boston Massacre
http://ns.netmcr.com/~ambro/bm2.jpg
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For enlisted men, serving in the
British army was often an act of
desperation; subsistence wages
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They often took spare jobs contributed to tensions
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Crispus Attucks
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Calm afterwards as Lord North - new
prime minister - withdrew all of
Townshend Acts except Tea Tax
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Sam Adams kept everyone informed
through committees of
correspondence
Tea Tax
 Deceptive period of calm 1770-1773
 Most Americans begun to buy tea again but British
East India Tea Company facing bankruptcy
 Monopoly
 Lower price (indirect tax)
 Boston Tea Party 1773
 What will the British response be?
Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts 1774)
 What will the British response be?
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Boston Port Bill
Quartering Act
Massachusetts Gov’t Act
First Continental Congress
• Sept 1774 - delegates from colonies
meet to discuss response to Intolerable
Acts
• an advisory board not legislative body

Radicals - Va’s Patrick Henry, Ma’s Sam & John Adams, Pa’s Charles Thomson colonies relationship w/ Br. Has passed point of no return.
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Moderates - Pa’s John Dickinson and Va’s George Washington - relationship b/w the
colonies and Gr. Britain can be repaired

Conservatives - NY’s John Jay and Pa’s Joseph Galloway - mild rebuke of Britain is ok
but nothing aggressive - quasi-Albany Plan would be best.
http://www.ushistory.org/carpentershall/visit/images/congress.jpg
First Continental Congress
The more radical delegates used Thomas
Jefferson’s A Summary View of the Rights
of British America to post the following
ideas
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Parliament possessed no inherent
authority to tax colonists
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The British Empire was a compact (or
loose union) between the center (the
mother country) and its colonies, not
one unit dominated by Britain
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Each colony possessed its own
legislature independent of Britain’s
legislative authority
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Holding together this loose-knit union
was a collective allegiance to the king
http://www.ushistory.org/carpentershall/visit/images/congress.jpg
They took the following actions:
• they declared the Intolerable Acts null &
void
•They recommended colonists arm
themselves
•Militias should be formed (Mass. Minute
Men)
•They recommended a boycott of British
goods - A TOTAL AND COMPLETE BOYCOTT
•*note: not calling for independence yet
British Reactions
 Parliament rejected the First Continental Congress’
petition
 April 1775 Br. Commander in Boston sent
detachment of troops to nearby Lexington and
Concord
 Shot heard around the world
 British lost 1/3 of their army
