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A Flawed Peace
Chapter 29, Section 4
Was the Treaty of Versailles
effective in ending the conflict in
Europe?
Introduction
► World
War I was over. The killing had stopped.
The terms of peace, however, still had to be
worked out. On January 18, 1919, a conference
to establish those terms began at the Palace of
Versailles, outside Paris. Attending the talks,
known as the Paris Peace Conference, were
delegates representing 32 countries. For one year,
this conference would be the scene of vigorous,
often bitter debate. The Allied powers struggled to
solve their conflicting aims in various peace
treaties.
The Allies Meet and Debate
Key Leaders Come Together
► This
group of leaders
was known as the Big
Four dominated the
peace talks in Paris at
Versailles.
United States
► President
Woodrow
Wilson, president of
United States during
WWI & part of Big 4
(#1)
Great Britain
► Prime
Minister, David
Lloyd George of Great
Britain during WWI &
part of Big 4 (#2)
France
► Georges
Clemenceau
president of France
during WWI & part of
Big 4 (#3)
Italy
► Vittorio
Orlando
president of Italy
during WWI & part of
Big 4
Wilson’s Plan for Peace
► Wilson
proposes Fourteen Points—an
outline for lasting world peace. (#4)
► Calls for free trade and an end to alliances
and military buildups
► Promotes self-determination—right of
people to govern their own nation
► Envisions international peace-keeping body
to settle world disputes
Fourteen Points
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
End of secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Arms reductions
Adjustment of colonial claims
Settlement of questions
regarding Russian territory
Restoration of Belgium
Restoration of France’s
territories including AlsaceLorraine
Readjustment of Italy’s
borders
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
(#5)
Peoples of Austria-Hungary
given self-determination
Serbia given access to the sea
and can join with other Balkan
states (Yugoslavia created).
Turkish portion of Ottoman
empire sovereign, but other
portions given selfdetermination. Dardanelles
open to as shipping passage
to all nations.
Independent Poland
League of Nations
#6
► French
President Clemenceau wanted Germany to
be harshly punished because
Most fighting happened in France
2. France lost more than a million soldiers
3. Large amounts of French land was destroyed.
1.
The Versailles Treaty
► Britain
and France oppose Wilson’s ideas and want
to punish Germany.
► Allies and Germany sign an accord—the Treaty of
Versailles—in June 1919.
 Creates League of Nations—international organization to
keep peace. (#8)
 Blames Germans for war, forces Germany to pay
damages (reparations) to nations.
 League to rule German colonies until deemed ready for
independence.
A Troubled Treaty
Chart on pg. 761
The Creation of New Nations
 The Versailles Treaty, other peace accords
change the look of Europe
 Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire all
lose lands
 Asian and African colonies were turn into
mandates – European countries control
because Europeans have the divine duty
to improve the lives of those people. (#15)
 New countries in southeastern Europe
 Russia gives up land.
Europe Pre-World War I
New European Countries Post World War I
Finland-land lost by Russia
#10
#13
Estonia-land lost by Russia
Latvia-land lost by Russia
Lithuania-land lost by Russia
Poland-restored from land lost by
Germany and Russia
Austria Hungary
Romania-gained land
Mandates in Africa and Middle East
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
#11
#12
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
French Mandate of Syria
French Mandate of
Lebanon
British Mandate of
Palestine
British Mandate of
Transjordan
British Mandate of Iraq
British Togoland
French Togoland
British Cameroon
French Cameroon
Ruanda-Urundi
Tanganyika
South-West Africa
“A Peace Build on Quicksand”
► Treaty
of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919
(#7) created feelings of bitterness on both sides
► German people feel bitter and betrayed after
taking blame for war
► America never ratifies Treaty of Versailles
 Many Americans oppose League of Nations and
involvement with Europe
► Americans
believed that U.S. best hope for peace was to stay
out of European affairs (neutral) (#14)
 Some former colonies express anger over not
winning independence
► Japan, Italy criticize agreement; gain less land
than they want
Punishments - #9
► Textbook
– Chart pg. 761
Source 1
Source 2