Transcript The Age of Exploration

The Age of Exploration
From spices to new worlds to pirates.
What caused people to explore?
The three “G’s”.
1. Gold: the first and most important reason
people began to explore was to gain wealth.
2. Glory: the second reason was to gain
recognition.
3. God: people wanted to spread
Christianity.
Spices Are Like Gold
Marco Polo was one of the first explorers to travel
to Asia and discover the spices made by Asians.
When he brought them back to Europe word
spread of how spices preserved food and made
them taste better.
Soon spices were in high demand. This leads to
countries trying to find the quickest routes to Asia.
Portugal leads the way in
Exploration
Prince Henry the Navigator: Henry
established a school of navigation in
Portugal in order to establish the country as
a leader in exploration.
By the time of his death Portugal had
established trading colonies along the North
African coast, where they traded for gold,
ivory, and eventually slaves.
Bartolomeu Dias
He was the first explorer to round the Cape
of Good Hope in 1487.
This proved access to the Indian Ocean was
possible.
Vasco da Gama
Next Portugal would try to find a sea route
to Asia to trade for spices.
The man who would find this route was
Vasco da Gama. In 1498 he would discover
this route, and begin trading with the people
of Asia.
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was not Spanish he was
Italian. However, nobody in Italy would fund his
expedition in Italy nor would anyone in Portugal.
This led Columbus to King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella of Spain. Who finally funded his
expedition.
His three ships were the Santa Maria, Pinta, and
the Nina.
Christopher Columbus finds Indians
(Sort of)
In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue….
However he did not find what he was
actually looking for.
Instead of discovering a new route to Asia
he found a New World, the Americas.
He had actually landed on the island of San
Salvador.
Columbus has an Anti-Climatic End.
After he discovered that he had actually
discovered a new land Columbus sought to
explore this territory.
He would make two journey’s to explore
this New World. This would eventually
bankrupt him and he would die in debtors
prison.
Ferdinand Magellan goes Around the
World.
From 1519 to 1522 Magellan and his crew
circumnavigated the world becoming the
first people to accomplish this feat.
However, Magellan did not finish this trip,
because he was killed during a battle on an
island in the Pacific.
Most of his crew also died on the trip home.
Quiz over the past two days
notes.
What are the “three G’s?”
What did Marco Polo do to help begin
exploration?
What country led the way for European
Exploration?
Who helped start the above countries exploration
efforts?
What was Christopher Columbus looking for
when he found the New World?
What did Ferdinand Magellan do?
Spanish Conquests in the New World
After Columbus original voyage Spain set
its sight on colonizing islands in the
Caribbean and then towards the mainland.
Hernando Cortes: The same year Magellan
left for his trip around the world Cortes
landed on the shores of Mexico.
To gain control Cortes had to convince or
conquer the Aztecs.
Cortes Achieves his Goal
With 600 men as his army Cortes reached
the capital of the Aztecs known as
Tenochitlan.
Due to more advanced weapons, support
from other native tribes, and most
importantly the spread of European disease
among the Aztecs led to a stunning victory
in 1521.
Francisco Pizarro Conquers the
Incas
In 1532 Pizarro led 200 men against 30,000
Incans led by Atahualpa, the Incan king.
They surprised the Incans and took the king
hostage.
They demanded a ransom for the king and
after they received it they killed him and the
Incas surrendered.
Conquistadors push North
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado searched
led an expedition through the present day
Southwest United States.
The Other Explorers…..
Zheng He: led seven voyages; they
included from 40 to 300 ships; sometimes
numbered 27,000 crewmen; they went from
port to port along the Indian Ocean
James Cook: A British sailor who claimed
New Zealand and Australia for Great
Britain in 1769 and 1770.
Explorers Establish New France
Samuel de Champlain: In 1608 Champlain,
sailed up the St. Lawrence with about 32
colonists where they settled the colony of
Quebec. This became known as New
France.
Almost 80 years later Sieur de La Salle
explored the lower Mississippi and claimed
the entire valley for France.
France’s Trading Empire
While France commanded a huge territory in the
North America it was sparsely inhabited by French
settlers.
These settlers included Catholic priest who sought
to convert the Native Americans. It also included
a large number of young Frenchmen who
specialized in the fur trade.
This became France’s major source of income
from the New World.
The English Arrive in North
America
The first English settlement in the New
World was Jamestown. It had a rough
beginning. Problems included disease,
hunger, and battles with Native Americans.
In 1620 the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth
Rock. They came seeking religious
freedom.
Puritans Arrive
Ten years after the Pilgrims another group
seeking religious freedom from the
Anglican Church. They established the
Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The Dutch found New
Netherlands
In 1609 Henry Hudson sailed for the west
and began setting up trading posts in present
day New York.
In 1621 the Dutch West India Company was
granted permission to colonize the area.
Quiz
Who conquered the Aztecs?
How did he accomplish this?
Who conquered the Incas?
How did he accomplish this?
Who founded New France?
What was the major source of income for the French
in the New World?
Who claimed the Mississippi Valley for the French?
What country founded Jamestown?
Why did the Puritans and Pilgrims come to the New
World?
The Struggle for North America
As the three European nations began to
expand their colonial empires, France,
England, and the Netherlands began to fight
for colonial supremacy.
The English Oust the Dutch
In 1664 the English king Charles II gave his
brother the Duke of York permission to
drive the Dutch out of their territory.
When the British fleet arrived at New
Netherlands the Dutch surrendered without
firing a shot.
The territory was renamed New York.
England Battles France
Soon the English began to expand their
territory.
This brought about a problem when English
settlers began to live on lands claimed by
the French.
In 1754 a dispute over land erupted in the
Ohio Valley. This led to war.
French and Indian War
This was a war fought between the
French/Indians and the British. It was a part
of a much larger war known as the Seven
Years War.
In North America the British colonists with
the help of the British army defeated the
French and Indians.
The English Struggle with the
Natives
Unlike the French and Dutch the British
never got along with the Native Americans.
Soon problems would arise that would lead
to violence.
Each side committed large scale attacks on
innocent civilians, but eventually the
Natives would succumb to European
diseases.
Columbian Exchange
The global transfer of foods, plants, and
animals during the colonization of the
Americas is known as the Columbian
Exchange.
The animals brought to the New World were
livestock such as horses, pigs, cattle, and
sheep.
The Foods that were Exchanged
The food brought from the Americas to the
Europeans and Asians included the tomato,
squash, pineapples, tobacco, and cacao
beans (for Chocolate).
The most important foods brought to the
Old World was corn and potatoes. These
two foods became a staple of the worlds
diet.
Diseases
The diseases Europeans brought to the
Native Americans included measles,
smallpox, influenza, typhus, malaria, and
diphtheria. These were responsible for the
deaths of millions of Natives.
Global Trade
As the countries in Europe explored they also
began to trade with each other. This gave way to
several important economic changes.
1. Capitalism: this is an economic system based on
private ownership and the investment of
resources for profit.
2. Joint-Stock Companies: investors buying shares
in a company for a common purpose.
Mercantilism and Favorable balance
of Trade
Mercantilism: this theory states that a
country’s power is based on wealth.
It goes on to say that a country could
increase its wealth in two ways.
1. Get as much gold or silver as possible.
2. Have a favorable balance of trade in
which a country sales more goods than it
buys.
Technology in the Age of
Exploration
Astrolabe: a circular instrument used to
calculate the position of celestial bodies.
Sextant: A navigational instrument used to
determine the vertical position of an object
such as the sun, moon or stars. Used with
celestial navigation.
More Technology
The Sails: Known as caravels the triangular
sails were for maneuverability and the
square sails were for power.
Larger cargo holds could hold a large
number of supplies that could sustain a long
voyage.
The shallow draft allowed ships to explore
close to the shore.
Review
Why did people begin to explore?
What country led the way in exploration?
What man was instrumental in the development of
this country’s exploration?
What did he do to start this?
How was Marco Polo important to the Age of
Exploration?
Why were spices so important to the Europeans?
Review
What did Bartolomeu Dias prove?
What did Vasco de Gama do?
Where was Christopher Columbus from
originally?
What country did he sail for?
What was he looking for when he
discovered the New World?
What did he name the island he landed on?
Review
What were the name of his three ships?
What Ferdinand Magellan do?
Who was Zheng He?
Who was James Cook?
What is a conquistador?
Who conquered the Aztecs?
How did he do this?
Review
Where did Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
explore?
What French Explorer settled Quebec?
Who settled the Mississippi Valley for
France?