Transcript Raiders, Traders and Crusaders: Western Europe After the Fall of

Raiders, Traders
and Crusaders:
Western Europe
After the Fall of
Rome.
Essential Question
How do interacting cultures create
changes in society? in government? in
economics?
Impact:
Breakdown of Law & Order
 Invasions
 Persians, Slavs,
Arabs, Germanic
Tribes
 Infrastructure
Deteriorates
 City sewage &
water systems
breakdown
 Roads deteriorates
 Bandit attacks
 Communication
network breaks
down
Impact:
A Time of Change & Growth
 Technology
Advancements –
Agriculture
 Better plows
 Methods for draining
swamp land
 More land available for
farming
 Horse collar
 Water-driven mills
 Changes in political
power
Roman
Leadership
Germanic
Leadership
Governors were
answerable to
emperor
Chiefs ruled
independently
Territories contributed
to overall wealth &
stability of empires
Territories controlled
their own resources
allowing them to build
their own economies
& cultures
Chiefs adapted
Roman laws to fit their
needs resulting in
new forms of
governments
Impact:
Christianity
 Great Schism – Divided Christianity into two groups:
 Roman Catholic
 Eastern Orthodox
 Pope became unifying factor
 Church had authority over ALL Christians & church affairs
Roman Catholism
Eastern Orthodox
Language
Latin
Greek
Religious Center
Rome
Constantinople
Location
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
Vikings: The Raiders
 In the period from 800 to
1050 A.D., the Nordic
peoples made their
dramatic entry into the
European arena. They
stormed forth,
terrorizing well
established societies
which were accustomed
to war, but not to the
startling tactics of the
Vikings.
 They even sailed as far
west as North America.
Vikings: The Raiders
Click on the map for an excellent interactive site about Vikings
The Rise of Europe
500-1300
The Early Middle Ages
During the early Middle Ages, Europe was
a relatively backward region cut off from
the advanced civilizations of Byzantium,
the Middle East, China and India. Between
700 and 1000, Europe was battered by
invaders. Slowly a new civilization would
emerge that blended Greco-Roman,
Germanic and Christian traditions.
The Rise of Europe
500-1300
From World History: Connections to
Today Prentice Hall, 2003
Kingdom of the Franks
400-768
 Franks invaded Gaul in the
area now called France.
(400-700)
 Frankish King Clovis (486)
first to conquer Gaul.
 Clovis converted to
Christianity and brought
the religion to the region.
 Frankish King Charles
Martel (732) kept Muslim
invaders from Spain out of
France. Stopped spread of
Islam in Europe at the
Battle of Tours.
From World History: Connections to
Today Prentice Hall, 2003
Empire of Charlemagne
768-843
 Loved battle
 Christian emperor.
 800 aided Pope Leo III put
down rebellious nobles in
Rome.
 Pope Leo III crowned
Charlemagne “Emperor of
the Romans.”
 Cemented Christian rule
in Europe.
 Outraged Byzantine
Emperor who saw himself
as Roman successor.
From World History: Connections to
Today Prentice Hall, 2003
Legacy of Charlemagne
(Holy Roman Empire)
 Revival of Latin
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Click on the picture for web link.
learning
Extended Christian
civilization into
northern Europe
Set up strong, efficient
governments.
Began Holy Roman
Empire. (Germany)
Could not repel further
Viking and Magyar
invasions.
Feudalism
Define Feudalism.
Feudalism: loosely
organized system of
government in which
local lords governed
their own lands but
owed military service
and other support to a
greater lord.
Click on the picture for information on feudal life
Traders in Medieval Europe
1000-1300
o Advanced agricultural techniques: harness,
windmill, crop rotation – improved lifespan and
increased population
o Trade revived with new trade routes
o Trade fairs and guilds appeared. Define “guild”
o Guild – association of merchants or artisans who
cooperated to protect their economic interests.
Traders in Medieval Europe
1000-1300
From World History:
Connections to Today
Prentice Hall, 2003
High Middle Ages
1050-1450
 Feudal monarchies headed
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William of Normandy
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Norman ship
European society, but had little
power.
Angles, Saxons and Vikings
invaded and settled in England.
1066 - Anglo Saxon king of
England, Edward died.
William of Normandy, Edward’s
brother in law, invaded
England and took control at
Battle of Hastings.
French was spoken in the
English court for the next 200
years.
Foundation of English Common
Law
 1066 - William I creates
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Domesday Book for purposes
of fair tax collection.
1154 - Henry II broadened
system of royal justice. Laid the
foundation for English Legal
system. Began English
Common Law.
Define “common law”
Common law - a legal system
based on custom and court
rulings.
King John I signs Magna Carta
which limited the power of the
king.
Magna Carta - 1215
 No royal official shall take goods from
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any man without immediate payment.
No free man shall be imprisoned
except by the lawful judgment of his
equals or by the law of the land.
In future no official shall place a man
on trial without producing credible
witnesses.
Courts shall be held in a fixed place at
a fixed time.
The barons shall elect a House of
Lords for the creation of laws.
The English church shall be free.
For a trivial offence, a free man shall be
fined only in proportion to the degree
of his offence. Due Process of Law
The Crusades
 1050s – Seljuk Turks
invade Byzantine Empire.
Extend power over
Palestine to the Holy Land
and attack Christian
pilgrims
 1095 – Byzantine Emperor
Alexius I asks Pope Urban
for help in ridding his
empire of Muslim invaders.
 Pope Urban agrees to help.
Hopes to consolidate his
own power, end schism
between Rome and
Constantinople and keep
Christian knights from
fighting one another.
Click on the picture for a link to
the Crusades.
The Crusades
 1099 – Christian knights capture
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Jerusalem.
1187 – Muslim soldiers under Saladin
recapture Jerusalem.
1198 – Pope Innocent III takes office.
Claims supremacy over all other rulers.
The Church becomes the most powerful
body in Europe.
Crusades continue for next 200 years.
The Crusades
http://edu.glogster.com/media/4/29/6/42/29064223.gif
Effects of the Crusades on
Europe
 Economic expansion –
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increased trade with the
Middle East and Byzantine
Empire
Growth of Italian trading
families.
Growth of money economy
Increased power of the
monarchs.
Increased power of the
Church
Wider world view
Reconquista in Spain –
Muslims and Jews forced to
leave or convert.
The Final Invader –
The Black Death
The Black Death was one of the worst natural
disasters in history. In 1347 A.D., a great
plague swept over Europe, ravaged cities
causing widespread hysteria and death. One
third of the population of Europe died. "The
impact upon the future of England was greater
than upon any other European country."
(Cartwright, 1991) The primary culprits in
transmitting this disease were oriental rat fleas
carried on the back of black rats .
Frederick F. Cartwright, DISEASE AND HISTORY, Dorset Press, New York, 1991, p. 42.
The Final Invader –
The Spread of the Black Death
The Final Invader –
The Black Death
"The first signs of the
plague were lumps in
the groin or armpits.
After this, livid black
spots appeared on the
arms and thighs and
other parts of the body.
Few recovered. Almost
all died within three
days, usually without
any fever."
The Final Invader –
The Effects of the Black Death
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In Medieval England, the Black Death was to kill 1.5
million people out of an estimated total of 4 million
people between 1348 and 1350. No medical knowledge
existed in Medieval England to cope with the disease.
After 1350, it was to strike England another six times by
the end of the century.