Transcript The biological basis of behavior

The biological basis of behavior
liudexiang
contents
• Neurons
• The central nervous system
• The peripheral nervous system
neuron
Neurons: the messengers
• Neurons: individual cells that are the smallest
unit of the nervous system.
• Dendrites: short fibers that branch out from
the cell body and pick up incoming messages.
• Axon: single long fiber extending from the cell
body; it carries outgoing messages.
Neurons: the messengers
• Nerve: group of axon bundled together.
• Myelin sheath: white fatty covering found
on some axons.
Types of neurons
• Sensory neurons: neurons that carry
messages from sense organs to the spinal
cord or brain.
• Motor neurons: neurons that carry
messages from the spinal or brain to the
muscles and glands.
• Interneurons: neurons that carry
messages from one neuron to another.
Motor neurons
Types of neurons
The synapse
• Synapse: area composed of the axon terminal
of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the
dendrite or cell body of the next neuron.
• Neurotransmitters: chemicals released by the
synaptic vesicles that travel across the
synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons.
• Synaptic vesicles: tiny sacs in a terminal
button that release chemicals into the synapse.
The synapse
The synapse
The central nervous system
• CNS: division of the nervous system that
consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The hindbrain
• Area that containing the medulla, pons,
and cerebellum.
Forebrain/Midbrain/Hindbrain
Cerebral cortex
• Frontal lobe: part of cerebral cortex that is
responsible for voluntary movement; it is
also important for attention, goal-directed
behavior, and appropriate emotional
experiences.
The four lobes of the cerebral
cortex
• Occipital lobe: part of the cerebral hemisphere
that receives and interprets visual information.
• Parietal lobe: part of the cerebral cortex that
receives sensory information from throughout
the body.
• Temporal lobe: part of the cerebral hemisphere
that helps regulate hearing, balance and
equilibrium, and certain emotions and
motivations.
The four lobes of the cerebral
cortex
The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• Somatic nervous system: the part of the
PNS that carries messages from the senses
to the CNS and between the CNS and the
skeletal muscles.
• Autonomic nervous system: the part of the
PNS that carries messages between the
CNS and the internal organs.
The autonomic nervous system
• Sympathetic division: branch of the
autonomic nervous system; it prepares the
body for quick action in an emergency.
• Parasympathetic division: branch of the
autonomic nervous system; it calms and
relaxes the body.
ANS
THE END