Transcript Review for assessment

Review for assessment
The Nerve of You!!!
Parts of the neuron
3 types of neurons
1. Sensory neuron – picks up a sense
and carries it towards brain.
a) sight – optic nerve
b) touch – pain, pressure, temp.
c) taste – taste buds
d) smell – olfactory bulb
e) sound - cochlea
2. Motor Neuron -- connects from brain to your
muscles for
MOVEMENT
a) voluntary – choose
b) involuntary – automatic!!
Notes for journal
•3. interneuron – connects other neurons
together
Main Parts of the nervous system
1. CNS –central nervous system
 BRAIN!!!!!
 Spinal chord
2. PNS – Peripheral Nervous System
 Nerves – sensory, motor, interneuron
The Gap between 2 nerves
#4
The gap between 2 neurons is called the synapse.
Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released
from the axon of one neuron and picked up by the
dendrites of the next cell to continue the message
The Nervous System
Can you now -Identify what roles different parts of
the central nervous system play in behavior?
PERIPHERAL
CENTRAL
Brain
Spinal Cord
Parasympathetic
Autonomic
Somatic
Sympathetic
What is the difference?
Parasympathetic –
REST
AND
DIGEST
Sympathetic –
FIGHT
OR
FLIGHT
#6
Chemical Communication:
Neurotransmission
Endorphins
REDUCE pain.
PLEASURE
FYI - Dopamine is an endorphin
PAIN
Endorphins
PROMOTE
pleasure.
3 main parts of the brain and their jobs
Cerebrum – thinking
Cerebellum – movement
Brainstem – life functions like heartbeat
Homeostasis ability to regulate ( keep the same) internal functions.
Responding to stimuli to “save” yourself
This hurts
I’m hungry
I’m thirsty
I’m tired
I’m hot
I’m cold
neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters function:
• Dopamine for reducing pain and motor function
• Serotonin - sleep patterns, hunger
• Glutamate - learning, memories
• GABA - inhibits other neurotransmitters and “slows” responses
Inhibitory neurotransmitters “block” other transmitters
Mouse lab – how drugs effect brain and body
Heroin – blocks inhibitory transmitter so too much dopamine released.
very addictive and “do not care” attitude
Ecstasy - reverses serotonin pathway. Do not sleep or eat
Marijuana - blocks inhibitory transmitter so too much dopamine
released in areas of brain that control reactions, mood and hunger
Meth – acts like dopamine. Addictive
Alcohol – Effects GABA ( motor skills) and Glutamate
(memory/learning)
Cocaine – blocks dopamine uptake (so too much dopamine in synapse)
LSD- serotonin , completely out of it and hallucinate
Types of disorders/injuries – extremely simplified
1. Concussion -injury, brain knocks against skull
2. Stroke- blocked or burst blood vein in brain. Act FAST
3. ALS- degenerative disease, loose ability to swallow, talk,
then walk. 3-5 yrs
4. Parkinson's - degenerative disease, causes tremors
(shaking)
5. Encephalitis - infection of fluid around brain spinal
chord, curable
Types of disorders/injuries – extremely simplified
6. Epilepsy - overactive brain (short circuits) causes
seizures , meds
7. Multiple Sclerosis – attacks myelin. Degenerative
muscle weakness, no cure
8. Meningitis - infection viral or bacterial of membrane
around brain, curable but may have long term damage
9. Polio. Virus, causes paralysis, vaccine for it, not curable
1o. Alzheimer’s – tangles and plagues in brain destroy
memories newest first then older ones and ability to
think/reason
Reflex
• Sensory neurons pickup "problem"
• Send signal to CNS, spinal chord responds back through motor
neurons
• Signal still goes to brain but response is already happening
• “When it happens before you ‘know it’”