Transcript Human Body - morton709.org

Human Body
Skeletal, Muscular, and
Nervous Systems
Unit G in our textbook
Skeletal System
Bones – made of living AND
nonliving material
206 bones in body
Joint – place where 2 bones meet
Ligament – strong bands that hold
BONE to BONE
Cartilage
Examples = nose, ears, padding b/w
bones
Softer and more flexible
than bone
Many bones start out as cartilage
and slowly turn into bone
Jobs:
Gives you SHAPE and SUPPORT
Allows you to STAND STRAIGHT
PROTECTS your organs (heart, lungs,
brain)
Makes BLOOD cells in the marrow
Inside a Bone
Periosteum – outer layer
Compact bone – very hard
Spongy bone – softer
(“shock absorbers”)
Marrow – makes blood
cells
periosteum
blood vessel
compact bone
spongy bone
marrow
Scientific Names of Bones
Chart
Skeletal System
video (4:56)
Joints
Immovable
Bones meet, but
no movement
Skull
Ball and socket Allows great range Hip,
of motion
Shoulder
Works like a door
Hinge
Knee, Elbow
hinge
Pivot
Able to TURN
Neck
Gliding
One bone slides
over another
Wrist,
Ankle, Spine
Muscular System
Tendons – attach Muscle to Bone
– (The Momma Bear Loves Baby Bear)
– (Tendons Muscle-Bone; Ligaments Bone-Bone)
Types of Muscles
1. Skeletal – make bones move
2. Smooth – digestive system
3. Cardiac – heart
(4:06)
(V)
(I)
(I)
Voluntary- choose to move (jumping,
running, kicking)
Involuntary – no choice; automatically
happens (heart beat, moving food
through digestive system)
Injuries
1. Fracture:
break or crack in bone
Injuries
2.
Sprain:
tearing a ligament at a joint
Injuries
3.
Strain:
overstretching or tearing muscle
Broken bones
Avoiding Injuries
(24:32)
Wear PROPER EQUIPMENT
tennis shoes, helmets, knee pads, shin guards
WARM UP before / COOL DOWN afterwards
walk first, then stretch all muscle groups
Treat your body with RESPECT
A. Eat well – Fruits/Veggies, Milk, limit sweets
B. Get enough sleep – 9-11 hours/night
C. Stay away from drugs and alcohol
Nervous System
1. Nerves (neurons)
2. Brain
3. Spinal Cord
Neurons
Neurons - (nerve cells) threadlike cells
that send messages to and from the brain
Color a neuron!
Neurons
* Electrical charges cause chemicals to be released
from the AXON.
* DENDRITES pick up that chemical and the chain
continues (as it releases more chemicals from its
axon)
dendrites
axon
2 Types of Neurons:
1. Sensory neurons
*carry messages from body to brain
*allow us to SENSE the environment
2. Motor neurons
*carry messages from brain to body
*cause MUSCLES to react
video (4:00)
Nerve Messages
Nerve Impulse –
message carried
through your body by
neurons.
Sensory Nerve
Brain
Motor Nerve
Spinal Cord
Thick, cordlike bundle
of nerve cells
Protected by vertebrae
of spine
Connects to brain
Reflexes
Automatic reactions that skip the
brain.
Happens without thinking.
Reflexes video (0:56)
Brain
size of both fists
weighs 3 pounds
gray in color
Brain video (7:36)
15 billion nerve cells linked together
protected by SKULL, layers of
membranes, & fluid
3 Parts of the Brain
1. Cerebrum (biggest)
1
has 2 hemispheres (halves)
right and left
Right side of brain controls left side
of body and Left side of brain
controls right side of body.
Controls voluntary muscles,
thinking, memory, decision-making,
and more.
3 Parts of the Brain
2. Cerebellum
Below cerebrum
Controls balance and posture
Coordinates movement
2
33
3 Parts of the Brain
3. Medulla (brain stem)
Controls involuntary muscles (breathing,
heart beating)
Filters all messages going to the brain
Fastest acting part
Connects to spinal cord
3
Citations
Fractures. (2007). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from
http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/images/factsheets/fractures.gif
Sprain. (2007). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from http://z.about.com/d/p/440/e/f/19626.jpg
Strain. (2007). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19618.jpg
Biceps and triceps, tendons attached. Paul Fuqua
(2003). Retrieved August 1, 2007, from
unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
Nerve with neuron highlighted. Paul Fuqua
(2004). Retrieved August 1, 2007, from
unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
In Control: Our Brain and Nervous System. Rainbow Educational Media
(1993). Retrieved August 1, 2007, from
unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
Path of a Nerve Impulse. (2007). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from
http://www.phschool.com/atschool/science_activity_library/images/path_nerve_impulse.jpg
Spinal Cord. (2007). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/spinal_cord.gif
In Control: Our Brain and Nervous System. Rainbow Educational Media
(1993). Retrieved August 1, 2007, from
unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/
Brain. (2007). Retrieved August 1, 2007 from http://medimages.healthopedia.com/large/brainstructures.jpg
Broken Bones. Discovery Channel School
(2002). Retrieved August 1, 2007, from
unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/