Transcript Central Nervous System Sensory neurons transmit impulses from the

Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Review
What is the function of
the nervous system?
Regulation
To regulate (control) all body
processes.
1. A muscle or gland which responds to a message carried
to it by motor neurons is called a(n) _______.
effector
2. A change in the surroundings or the environment that
triggers a nerve impulse is called a(n) stimulus
_____.
3. The electrochemical message that travels through the
impulse
nervous system is known as the _________.
4. A change in the external environment that initiates
impulse
(starts) an impulse is called a _______.
5. Nerve cells are called __________.
neurons
Neuron Structure
myelin
1. Most axons are covered with ___________
which aids
impulse transmission by improving electrical
insulation.
2. Dendrites
___________ receive the impulse from the previous
neuron.
axon
3. The longest part of a neuron is the ______.
4. The ____________
contains the nucleus and other cell
cell body
organelles.
5. The part of the neuron that produces and releases
neurotransmitters are the ____________.
terminal branches
receptors on the next
6. Neurotransmitters attach to __________
neuron.
How does an impulse travel
from one neuron to the next?
Neurotransmitters are released
into the synapse.
A structure that detects stimuli
is a
a) effector
b) synapse
c) receptor
d) muscle
Synapses are located directly
between
(1.) dendrites and axons
(2.) cytons and axons
(3.) terminal branches and
dendrites
(4.) axons and terminal
branches
What does this picture
represent? Central Nervous System
1. Sensory neurons transmit impulses from
the _________
receptors to the ________________.
spinal cord (CNS)
2. Interneurons carry impulses from the
_____________
sensory
neurons to ____________.
motor neurons
3. Motor neurons carry impulses from the
spinal
cord to ___________.
__________
effectors
Sensory neurons transmit messages
a) from the central nervous system to a
muscle a gland
b) from the brain to the spinal cord
c) from the environment to the spinal
cord or brain
d) within the brain
e) All of the above are true.
In a simple spinal reflex, the pathway
for an impulse is along a sensory
neuron directly to a motor neuron
through
(1.) a receptor
(2.) an interneuron
(3.) an effector
(4.) the brain
What structures make up your
central nervous system?
Brain and Spinal Cord
Neurons that carry messages
toward the CNS (brain and
spinal cord) are called
sensory neurons
Identify the part of the brain being describe.
• What structure controls reasoning, memory,
emotions, and habits? cerebrum
• What controls involuntary actions? medulla
• What controls and coordinates voluntary
actions and balance? cerebellum
• Loss of memory as a result of an accident
would indicate damage to which part?
cerebrum
•
What controls activities such as breathing and
heart rate? medulla
Identify the parts of the brain labeled in the diagram.
cerebrum
medulla
cerebellum
spinal cord
Why are reflexes much
faster than a normal
response?
The impulse only travels to the spinal
cord, not the brain.
motor
neuron
B
Receptor
interneuron
A
sensory
neuron
1. According to this diagram, a
gland secretes a chemical.
What is the name of this
chemical?
Hormone
2. The organs and tissues that the
chemical is transported to by
the blood is made up of what
kind of cells?
Target cells
3. What do hormones attach to
on these cells?
Receptors
An important method of
communication between cells
is shown in the diagram. What
is the chemical referred to in
the diagram?
1. a hormone important in
maintaining homeostasis
2. an enzyme detected by a cell
membrane receptor
3. DNA necessary for regulating
cell functions
4. a food molecule taken in by an
organism
Which substances are found on cell
surfaces and respond to nerve and
hormone signals?
1. starches and simple sugars
2. subunits of DNA
3. vitamins and minerals
4. receptor molecules
1. What does structure B
represent?
receptors
2. Explain why cell C is the
target cell.
Cell C has receptors
that fit perfectly with
the hormone.
Which substances are found on cell
surfaces and respond to nerve and
hormone signals?
1. starches and simple sugars
2. subunits of DNA
3. vitamins and minerals
4. receptor molecules
If a human system fails to function
properly, what is the most likely result?
1. a stable rate of metabolism
2. a disturbance in homeostasis
3. a change in the method of cellular
respiration
4. a change in the function of DNA
Identify all glands labeled in the diagtam.
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
1. A hormone that increases the rate
and strength of heart contractions
during times of sudden stress is
secreted by which structure? What
is the name of this hormone?
Adrenal glands
Adrenaline
2a.Hormones that regulate the ovaries
are secreted by which structure?
Pituitary gland
2b.What are the name of these
hormones?
Follicle stimulating hormone and
luteinizing hormone
1. What is the name of the iodinecontaining hormone that aids in the
regulation of metabolic rate? What
structure secretes this hormone?
Thyroxine
Thyroid
4. What structure regulates calcium
metabolism?
Parathyroid glands
5. Which structure regulates blood
glucose levels? What is the name of
those hormones?
Pancreas
Insulin
Glucagon
1. What HORMONE causes blood sugar level to
decrease? What GLAND produces this
hormone?
Insulin
Pancreas
2. What part of the brain controls the pituitary
gland?
Hypothalamus
3. What hormones produced by the ovaries
stimulate the production of female secondary
sex characteristics? Estrogen
1. What is the name of the thyroid HORMONE which
controls body metabolism?
Thyroxine
1. Which HORMONE helps to stimulate the
development of secondary sex characteristics in the
male?
Testosterone
3. Why is the pituitary glands called the “master gland?”
It regulates other glands in the body.
Increased perspiration, a higher body temperature,
and a rapidly beating heart are all possible
responses to a stressful situation. These body
responses are most likely a direct result of the
interaction of the
1. digestive and endocrine systems
2. digestive and respiratory systems
3. nervous and endocrine systems
4. nervous and reproductive systems
Which graph of blood sugar level over a 12-hour
period best illustrates the concept of
homeostasis?
Which statement describes a feedback mechanism
involving the human pancreas?
1. The production of estrogen stimulates the formation
of gametes for sexual reproduction.
2. The level of oxygen in the blood is related to heart
rate.
3. The level of sugar in the blood is affected by the
amount of insulin in the blood.
4. The production of urine allows for excretion of cell
waste.
Hormones and secretions of the nervous
system are chemical messengers that
1. store genetic information
2. carry out the circulation of materials
3. extract energy from nutrients
4. control and coordinate system
interactions
1. This diagram best illustrates
a. recombination b. feedback
c. insertion
d. deletion
2. What is the function of this process?
Maintain homeostasis.
Regulate hormone levels in the blood.