Transcript World War II

Chapters 19 and 20
I
can…
• Explain the Causes of World War II
 The
Rise of Dictators
• Aggressive nationalism; nation > the individual
• Strongly anticommunist (Stalin: USSR leader)
• Benito Mussolini
 Dictatorship in Italy by 1922
• Adolf Hitler
 Nazi Party
 Belief in blonde, blue-eyed Germans as the “master
race”, Aryans; needed to expand their territory
• Japan: militaristic dictatorship
 America
Turns to Neutrality
• Nye Committee
 Arms manufacturers tricked the U.S. into WWI for $
 Turned many Americans toward isolationism
• Neutrality Act of 1935
 Illegal to sell arms to any country at war
 Anti-Comintern Pact: Japan, Germany Italy (Axis
Powers)
• Roosevelt and Internationalism
 Wanted to preserve peace through internationalism
 “Peace
in Our Time”
• European leaders wanted to buy peace by
giving into Hitler’s demands
• Austrian Anschluss
 “Unification” of Austria & Germany after German
threats
• Munich Crisis and Appeasement
 German claims to Czechoslovakia
 Appeasement: Britain and France agreed to achieve
peace by giving concessions to Germany
 “Peace
in Our Time”
• Invasion of Poland; Appeasement had failed
• Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
 Germany and USSR agreement
 Motives on each side
 The War
Begins: September 3rd, 1939
• Maginot Line: caused invasion of other countries
• “Miracle at Dunkirk”
 Britain
Remains Defiant
• Held off Germans through air battle, “Battle of
Britain”
 Nazi
Persecution of the Jews
 Belief that all Jews were evil, regardless
• Catastrophe that killed 6 million European Jews
• Nuremberg Laws
 Restricted Jewish citizenship, marriage and working
rights
• Jewish Refugees Try to Flee
 1933-1939: 350,000 Jews fled Germany
 Factors limited Jewish immigration to the U.S.
 The
Final Solution
• Wannsee Conference: 1942, Nazi leaders meet to
discuss the “final solution of the Jewish question”
• Concentration Camps
 Healthy individuals would work as slave laborers until
they died
• Extermination Camps
 Elderly, infirm, and young children executed in mass
gas chambers
 Jewish culture had been obliterated in a few years
 FDR
Supports England
• Neutrality Act of 1939
 Cash to buy weapons & carry on their own ships
 Isolationist
Debate
• Range of opinion in the U.S.
• Reelection of FDR in 1940
 Edging Toward War
• Lend-Lease Act
• Hemispheric Defense Zone
• The Atlantic Charter
 Japan
Attacks the United States
• American Embargoes Japan
 Export Control Act: restricted “strategic materials” to
other nations
• Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
 December 7th, 1941
 Killed 2,403 Americans
 U.S. declared war on Japan on December 8th
• Germany Declares War
 Hitler greatly underestimated the strength of the U.S.
 Allies: Britain, France, Soviet
Union, U.S.
I
can…
• Explain numerous home front activities that
supported the war effort
• Trace the United States strategy in World War II
• Evaluate the contributions made by women,
minorities, and immigrants in World War II
 Converting
the Economy
• U.S. began mobilizing before we entered the war
• 2X more productive than Germany, 5X Japan
• Cost-plus contracts
 Expensive, but provided a lot of war materials quickly
 American
Industry Gets the Job Done
• Automobile factories  trucks, jeeps, and tanks
• War Production Board
 Set priorities and distribution of materials and
supplies
 Building
an Army
• Selective Service Training Act (1940)
• Went through basic training quickly
• Segregated Army
 “Double V” Campaign
 Tuskegee Airmen
• Women Join the Armed Forces
 Clerical, administrative, & nursing positions
• Not well trained, but they performed well in
battle
 Holding
the Line Against Japan
• The Fall of the Philippines
 Bataan Death March
• The Doolittle Raid
 Use of B-25 bombers to hit Japan from a long distance
• The Battle of Midway
 A turning point in the war; devastated Japanese
advance in the Pacific
 Turning
Back the German Army
• North Africa
• The Battle of the Atlantic
 Use of new technology helped the Allies overcome
German submarines in the Atlantic
• Stalingrad
 Hitler wanted to destroy the Soviets economy 
ordered troops into the city of Stalingrad
 Soviets stood their ground and the Germans
surrendered
 Turning point: put Germans on the defensive
 Women
and Minorities Gain Ground
• Women in Defense Plants: Rosie the Riveter
 Record number of working women
• African Americans become employed in war
work
• Bracero Program: Mexican farmworkers helped
with labor shortage in the Southwest U.S.
A
Nation on the Move
• Japanese American Relocation
 People of Japanese ancestry on the west coast had to
go to internment camps
 Daily
Life in Wartime America
• Wage and Price Controls
 Office of Price Administration: regulated prices
• Rationing
 Limiting the availability of products
 Coupon books
• Victory Gardens & Scrap Drives
 Produced more food; raw materials vital to war effort
• E Bonds
 Loans to the government; helped pay for the war
 Striking Back at the Third Reich
• Strategic Bombing of Germany
• Striking at the “Soft Underbelly”
 Allies invaded Italy; September 1943: Italy surrenders
 Landing in France
• Operation Overlord
• D-Day: invasion of Normandy, June 6th, 1944
 Some U.S. casualties & injuries, but it was a success
 Driving the Japanese Back
• Large invasion to take back the Philippines
• Battle of the Leyte Gulf
• Kamikaze attacks by the Japanese
I
can…
• Evaluate the decision to drop the atomic bomb
• Recognize the difference between a war hero
and a war criminal
 The Third
Reich Collapses
• Battle of the Bulge
 American troops defeated Germans in Belgium
 Began making their way towards Germany
• V-E Day: war ends in Europe
 Soviet troops and U.S. troops enter Germany
 After unconditional surrender by Germany, May 8th
1945 was V-E Day “Victory in Europe”
 Japan
Is Defeated
• Invasion of Iwo Jima & Okinawa
• Firebombing Devastates Japan
• Terms of Surrender
 Japan would surrender if their emperor could stay in
power
• Manhattan Project
 Building of the atomic bomb
• Dropping the Bomb
 Hiroshima & Nagasaki
 August 15th, 1945: V-J Day
 Building
a New World
• Creating the United Nations
 International peacekeeping organization to prevent
another world war
• U.S. gave aid to rebuild Europe to promote
democracy and capitalism
• Putting the Enemy on Trial
 International Military Tribunal
 Nuremberg Trials: tried German leaders suspected of
war crimes
 Punished those responsible for the Holocaust
 Wanted to create a better world