Transcript Consequences of World War ii

• Warning: Mature & Graphic Images & Video
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CONSEQUENCES OF WORLD WAR II
The Holocaust: Part 2
Objective: I can examine how
oppression and discrimination resulted in
the Holocaust.
Reinhard
Heydrich
One of the main architects of the Holocaust
THE HOLOCAUST SPREADS
• As German troops swept through Eastern
Europe, they were followed by special forces
known as the Einsatzgruppen.
• These were mobile killing units.
• First they rounded up Jews and shot them.
• Then they threw bodies into ditches and covered
them over with earth.
The surviving teenage son of this murdered family is brought up to
the murder site. He was then murdered by a shot to the neck by the
German officer standing behind him. Zboriv, Ukraine, 5 July 1941.
BABI YAR [RAVINE OUTSIDE OF KIEV, UKRAINE]
Jewish women, some holding infants, are forced to wait in a line
before their execution by Germans and Ukrainian collaborators.
Piles of Clothes at Babi Yar
Warning: Graphic Image of Mother Cradling Daughter in their final
moments
Warning: Graphic Video
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?ModuleId=10005130&MediaId=183
German mobile killing units (Einsatzgruppen) operated in
German-occupied territories in eastern Europe during World
War II. This rare footage shows a mobile killing unit during a
massacre in Liepaja, Latvia. The film was taken, contrary to
orders, by a German soldier. Before the war, the Jewish
population of Liepaja stood at more than 7,000 residents.
German mobile killing squads shot almost the entire Jewish
population of the town. When the Soviet army liberated the city
in 1945, just 20 to 30 Jews remained.
Survivor testimony from Babi Yar
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/heritage/episode8/
documents/documents_13.html
• In August 1941, Himmler attended the shooting of 100
Jews at Minsk.
• Just after the event, he vomited.
• After regaining his composure, Himmler decided that
alternate methods of killing should be found.
• He told Heydrich that he was concerned for the mental
health of the SS men.
• On his orders, by spring 1942 the camp at Auschwitz had
been greatly expanded, including the addition of gas
chambers, where victims were killed using the pesticide
Zyklon B.
Himmler was one of the main architects of the Holocaust
Later, mobile gas units were used to kill the victims more quickly. Although, more than a million
Jews were killed by Einsatzgruppen, Nazi officials were not satisfied. Executions were not
keeping pace with the territorial conquests of the German army.
The use of gas vans had two disadvantages:
 It was slow—some victims took twenty minutes to die.
 It was not quiet—The drivers could hear the victims' screams, which they found distracting and
disturbing.
Himmler and Rudolf Hess at
Dachau in 1936, viewing a
scale model of the camp
Himmler (front right, beside
prisoner) visiting the Dachau
Concentration Camp in 1936
PARTNER QUESTIONS
• 1. What was the Einsatzgruppen?
• 2. Why were mobile gas units
used?
• 3. Why were bodies exhumed [dug
up] and burned?
Entry #22
5/13/15
What are your thoughts after seeing the
images, watching the video, and listening
to survivor testimony? [Einsatzgruppen]
GHETTOS
• It was decided to transport all Jews to temporary holding areas
known as ghettos (separate, walled-off areas of cities).
• Troops surrounded the ghettos to control traffic in and out.
• Living conditions inside were miserable.
• Diseases spread rapidly and starvation was common.
• Many ghetto residents were forced to do labor in nearby fields or
factories.
• Although uprisings occurred, the unarmed and starving ghetto
residents were no match for the well-equipped and well-fed
German army.
The German army occupied Krakow, Poland, in
September 1939. In March 1941, the Germans
ordered the establishment of a ghetto in Krakow. In
this footage, Polish Jews are forced to move into the
Krakow ghetto. They wear the required armbands,
used to distinguish the Jewish population from the
rest of the city's residents. By late 1941, there were
some 18,000 Jews imprisoned in the Krakow ghetto.
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?ModuleId
=10005059&MediaId=188
A bridge connected areas of the Warsaw ghetto to
prevent Jews from entering the streets that were not
part of the ghetto. Before the ghetto was sealed, the
few entrances and exits had checkpoints. In the
early months of the ghetto, life had the appearance
of normalcy, but very soon the lack of food and
adequate housing began to take its toll.
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?ModuleId
=10005059&MediaId=253
The largest ghetto in Poland was the Warsaw ghetto, where more than 400,000
Jews were crowded into an area of 1.3 square miles. [2.5% of the city=30% of
the population]
Children eating
in the ghetto
streets.
Warsaw,
Poland,
between 1940
and 1943.
Starving boy in the Warsaw Ghetto
After the Germans established the Warsaw ghetto in
October 1940, conditions deteriorated rapidly. The
Germans strictly controlled the movement of goods into
and out of the ghetto. There was not enough food to
feed the ghetto residents. At great personal risk, many
Jews attempted to smuggle in food. The German food
ration for Warsaw ghetto inhabitants amounted to less
than 10 percent of the ration for a German citizen [185
Calories to 2100 Calories]. Thousands of Jews died in
Warsaw each month because of starvation or disease.
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?ModuleId=1000
5069&MediaId=245
German soldiers direct artillery against a pocket of
resistance during the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Warsaw,
Poland, April 19-May 16, 1943.
German soldiers burn residential buildings to the ground, one by
one, during the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Poland, April 19-May 16,
1943.
Photograph from
SS General
Juergen Stroop's
report showing the
Warsaw ghetto
after the German
suppression of the
ghetto uprising. On
the right, a column
of Jews is
transported out of
the ghetto for
deportation.
Warsaw, Poland,
April-May, 1943.
Jews captured during
the Warsaw ghetto
uprising. Poland,
April 19-May 16,
1943.
German soldiers arrest
Jews during the Warsaw
ghetto uprising. Poland,
May 1943.
• Warning: Mature & Graphic Images & Video
• Disclaimer: If you need to leave the room at
anytime, you have my permission.
CONSEQUENCES OF WORLD WAR II
The Holocaust: Part 2
Objective: I can examine how
oppression and discrimination resulted in
the Holocaust.
First Person Account of Warsaw Uprising
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_oi.php?ModuleId=1000
5188&MediaId=1096
Jewish partisans, survivors of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, at a family
camp in Wyszkow forest. Poland, 1944.
PARTNER QUESTIONS
• 4. What was a Jewish ghetto?
• 5. Why did the Nazis create Jewish ghettos?
• 6. What were the living conditions like inside a
Jewish ghetto?
• 7. What challenges were Jews faced with inside
the ghetto when attempting to resist or fight
back against the Nazis?
• 8. Where was the largest Jewish ghetto?
Entry #23
5/14/15
Imagine you are in the Warsaw ghetto.
What would daily life be like?
Would you join the Warsaw uprising? Why or
why not? Choices=Consequences