Transcript World War II

World War II
1939-1945


Adolf Hitler begins to create an
empire
March 1936: reoccupied the
Rhineland
March 1938: Anschluss of Austria
Preview and Processing
1.
2.
3.
4.
Listen to the speech being given
by British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain in 1938.
What is he talking about?
What does he believe that he
has achieved?
What do you think about his
willingness to negotiate?

Munich Conference
(9-29-1938)
• Sudetenland
• Prime Minister of
GB=Neville
Chamberlain
 Ok to SUD. & Hitler
promised to leave
Czechoslovakia alone
 “peace in our time”
• 6 mos. Later Hitler took
Czechoslovakia stating
“Czechoslovakia has
ceased to exist”
War Begins: European Arena

April 28, 1939: wanted
Polish Corridor= Danzig
• GB &FR said they
would defend Poland
• Nonaggression Pact:
GER & USSR pledge
not to attack ea.
Other
 Stalin would share
territory taken
over: Poland &
Baltic nations
 2 front war


August 31, 1939
•GER soldiers dress in polish
uniforms & pretended to seize a
GER radio station
Sept. 1, 1939
•Poland invaded by GER: 3 days
•Blitzkrieg: “lightening war” ( Civil
War in Spain: July 1936=
Francisco Franco=practice for
Hitler)
•FR & GB declared war
Making the Connection

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Can you recite the correct order of
territory given to or taken by Hitler
from 1936 to Sept. 1, 1939?
Rhineland
Austria
Sudetenland
Czechoslovakia
Poland
Interactive Map:
Pay close attention
to the territory taken
by Hitler

Scandinavia
• Luftwaffe
• Head West
 GB Prime Minister Winston
Churchill:
“I have nothing to offer but
blood, toil, tears and sweat.”
The Maginot Line

France: Maginot Line
• Belgium
• Dunkirk: get GB’s
soldiers out: 338,000
• Italy enter war
• June 16, 1940 Marshall
Henri Petain
• June 22, 1940 FR divided:
 N=GER control
 S= Vichy FR
• Underground
 Charles de Gaulle

GB
• GER launched Operation Sea Lion
• RAF: 700 planes; 1400 pilots
• Radar: Ultra
• Battle of Britain: July 1940 (6 mos)
• RAF bombed Berlin: Hitler angry!
 London: 300 to 600 killed a day
1,000 to 3,000 injured a day
 Hitler w/ drew
“Never was so much owed by so many to so few.”
Churchill
The US response
• Edward R. Murrow
• Cash and carry
• 1940 Selective Service Act
• Arming merchant ships & using navy
to protect British ships
 Undeclared naval war w/ GER
Meanwhile in the USSR….

USSR
• June 22,1940: GER invaded
• Winter
Making the Connection
1.
2.
3.
Why did Hitler decide to
invade the USSR?
What factors will affect
Germany’s success on the
Eastern Front?
Why does Stalin hold a
grudge against Hitler?
The Pacific
Arena

Japan
• Hirohito
• FDR: J not to take over China
• J went after US interest in Pacific
(i.e. Philippines)
• FDR banned shipment of US fuel, scrap
iron & steel to J (embargo)
1. Pull out of China & admit defeat
2. Get needed material by going after
Indochina, Malaya & e. Indies wh/ =
war w/ US
•J decided to attack 1st
1.US not ready for war
2.Member of Axis powers
•Reasons what the US did not
think J would attack
Magic
 Negotiations
 Shallow H2O port / targets


December 7, 1941
•Pacific Fleet
•18 ships: 8 battleships
•2403 AM died
•1,000+ wounded
•J 29 planes; 1 sub
•FDR “A date which will live
infamy.”
• Yamamoto (Naval
Commander)
“I fear we have
awakened a
sleeping giant.”
Making the Connection
1. What do you think
Yamamoto meant?
2. What event did he
unknowingly
foreshadow?

January 1942: Philippines
•Bataan Death March
•5,000 miles N-S: 6,000
miles E=W
•Douglas MacArthur “I shall
return.”

Allies
• Midway: Admiral Chester W. Nimitz
 6-3-1942:
322 J planes,
4 aircraft carriers, other ships
• Island Hopping: Douglas MacArthur
The War Coming to
an End

North Africa
• Suez Canal: Mideast oil fields
• GER General: Erwin Rommel: Desert Fox
• GB General: Bernard Montgomery
• US General: Dwight D. Eisenhower
 Oct. 1942: Rommel lost 60,000 Men,
500 tanks, 400 lg. artillery pieces in 1
week
 Battle of El Alamein
 May 1943= Allied victory

USSR
• GER there 2 yrs
• Battle of Stalingrad August 1942
 House to house fighting
 GER in control then winter came again
 Georgi Zhukov: surrounded Stalingrad
& cut off supplies
 Jan. 31, 1943 GER surrendered
280,000-91,000
 GER now on defensive

Italy
• July 9, 1943: Sicily
• Mussolini forced to resign
7-25-1943 arrested
Pietro Badoglio: changed sides
GER occupied Italy
(Mussolini executed: 4-281945)

France
• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• 2 mil GB, US, Canadian w/ 1 mil
“extra” for sea & air support
• Invasion of Normandy: D-Day
June 6, 1944
Lgest. Amphibious attack to date
8-24-1944: Allies entered Paris


Germany
• 2 front war
• Hitler Killed
himself 4-30-1945
• May 7, 1945 war
over =V-E Day
US FDR died 4-121945: Harry S.
Truman
Making the Connection
1.
2.
3.
4.
Who were the Big Three?
List the leaders that died in April of
1945.
List the countries that experience a
change in leadership in 1945.
Who took over after Winston
Churchill?
Clement Atlee

Japan
• Iwo Jima: Okinawa
• Kamikaze
• 8-6-1945: “Little Boy”
dropped on J City of
Hiroshima: 343,000 or
2/3 of population
instantly vaporized.
80,000 due to heat many
more in years to follow
from radiation poisoning.
• 8-9-1945: Nagasaki:
40,000 killed
• 9-2-1945: Missouri=V-J
Day
Effects of WWII on the
United States and the
World
Effects of WWII

40 million deaths
•USSR lost 20 mil
•
Ger 4.2 mil
•
Poles 4.3 mil
• Chinese 2.2 mil
•
Japan 2 mil
•US 291,000 killed; 670,000
wounded
Holocaust
 Heinrich Himmler: SS commander
• mobile killing units 1.4 mil

Ghettos: Polish Jews
• i.e. Warsaw Ghetto: ½ mil: 10,000

Death Camps
• Genocide
• 30 camps
• Auschwitz: 1.75 mil; 6,500 a day
• Dachau & Buchenwald
• Postcards home
Annihilation of the Jewish Population of Europe by Country:
Country
Est. Pre-War Jewish
Population
Est. Jewish Population
Annihilated
Percent Killed
Poland
Baltic Countries
3,300,000
253,000
3,000,000
228,000
90
90
Germany & Austria
240,000
228,000
90
Slovakia
Greece
Netherlands
Hungary
Ukrainian SSR
90,000
70,000
140,000
650,000
1,500,000
75,000
54,000
105,000
450,000
900,000
83
77
75
70
60
Belgium
Yugoslavia
Romania
Norway
France
Bulgaria
Italy
Luxembourg
Denmark
Finland
65,000
43,000
600,000
2,173
350,000
64,000
40,000
5,000
8,000
2,000
40,000
26,000
300,000
890
90,000
14,000
8,000
1,000
52
22
60
60
50
41
26
22
20
20
<1
<1
*Occupied Nations Shown in Red
Interactive Map: Pay
close attention to the
map and the
beginning of the cold
war.