Transcript Chapter 16

Chapter 18 Section 3
The Global Conflict: Allied Successes
Setting the Scene
World War II was fought on a larger scale and in
more places than any other conflict in history. It
was also more costly in terms of human life than
any previous war. Civilians, as well as soldiers,
were targets. In 1941, a reporter visited a Russian
town that had been home to 10,000 people before
the German invasion. The reporter found a lone
survivor: "[She was] a blind old woman who had
gone insane. I saw her wandering barefooted
around the village, carrying a few dirty rags, a
rusty pail, and a tattered sheepskin.”
From 1939 until mid-1942, the Axis ran up a
string of successes. The conquerors blasted
villages and towns and divided up the spoils.
Then the Allies won some key victories. Slowly,
the tide began to turn.
I. Occupied Lands
The Axis conquered Europe, Asia and the
Pacific and set out to build a "new order" in
the occupied lands
I. Occupied Lands
The Nazis stripped conquered nations of art,
factories, and other resources and forced
“inferior races” to work as slave laborers
The World Jewish Congress
says the Nazis seized up to
$30 billion worth of art
Dachau Concentration Camp,
1938
I. Occupied Lands
Hitler's policy was to kill all "racially inferior"
people – Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals,
communists, and the mentally ill
A Nazi about to shoot the last
Jew left alive in Vinica, Ukraine
Gas Chamber at Auschwitz
I. Occupied Lands
The Nazis forced Jews into ghettos and
concentration camps and by 1941, had plans
for the "final solution of the Jewish problem"
I. Occupied Lands
Hitler had special death camps built in Poland
- places like Auschwitz, Sobibor, and Treblinka
I. Occupied Lands
By 1945, the Nazis had massacred six million
Jews and 6 million other "undesirable" people
in what became known as the Holocaust
I. Occupied Lands
As Japan expanded, it created the antiimperialistic Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity
Sphere
I. Occupied Lands
The Japanese killed and tortured civilians,
destroyed cities and towns, and made people
into slave laborers
During the six weeks of the Nanking Massacre, the Chinese were not
simply murdered. They were tortured, humiliated, and raped. The
Japanese used a wide variety of methods of murder.
II. The Allied War Effort
In 1942, the Big Three—Roosevelt, Churchill,
and Stalin—agreed to defeat Hitler before
turning their attention to Asia
The "Big Three" Allied
leaders at Yalta:
Churchill, Roosevelt
and Stalin
II. The Allied War Effort
The Allies were committed to total war governments directed the economy, rationed
goods, and regulated prices and wages
II. The Allied War Effort
Governments limited the rights of citizens,
censored the press, and used propaganda to
win public support for the war
II. The Allied War Effort
As men joined the military, millions of women
built ships and planes, produced munitions,
and staffed offices
Rosie the Riveter
Artist: Norman Rockwell
II. The Allied War Effort
Women served in the armed forces, fought in
the resistance, and became soldiers in the
Red Army
Marie-Madeleine
Fourcade
USSR Soldier
III. Turning Points
During 1942 and 1943, the Allies pushed back
the Axis powers and turned the tide of war
III. Turning Points
British General Montgomery and American
General Eisenhower defeated Rommel in May
1943 at El Alamein
III. Turning Points
In July 1943, the Allies landed first in Sicily
and then in southern Italy and defeated the
Italian forces
III. Turning Points
The Italians overthrew Mussolini and signed
an armistice, but the fighting did not end for
18 months
The bodies of Benito Mussolini (C) and his mistress, Clara
Petacci (R) were hung by their heels after they were killed by
Italian partisans in Milan in April 1945.
III. Turning Points
After the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943, the Red
Army advanced into Eastern Europe
III. Turning Points
The Allies invaded France on June 6, 1944, D-Day – and by September all of France was
free
III. Turning Points
The Allies focused their attention on
conquering Germany and defeating Japan