Transcript Political Change

Civil War
• Unsuccessful attempt to overthrow an
existing government, involving a violent
war fought between opposing forces
within the same country.
– The two sides can receive outside support from other
countries.
– The conflict may take a long time, and involve
periods when the fighting stops.
Famous Civil War
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1455-1485
England
War of the Roses
House of York &
House of
Lancaster battle
for English throne
Famous Civil War
• 1642-1652
• English Civil War
Famous Civil War
• 1861-1865
• American Civil
War
• South was
unsuccessful in
their attempt to
form the
Confederate
States of America
Famous Civil War
• 1936-1939
• Spanish Civil War
• Spanish Fascists
with the help of
Italian & German
troops defeated the
Republican army
that included British
& American liberals
and Russian
Communists.
Famous Civil War
• 1991-2001
• Yugoslavia
• Serbs, Croats,
and Muslims
fought for control
of Bosnia
• Genocide of
Muslims
Famous Civil War
• 1990-1994
• Rwanda
• The Hutu and
Tutsi fought for
control of the
government
• Millions were
slaughtered in
the genocide.
Famous Civil War
• 2004-present
• Iraq
• Sunni and Shiite
groups fight for
control of the
country
• Kurds and other
minorities seek
independence.
Revolution
• Successful attempt to overthrow an
existing government, aimed at changing
the political and social structures as well
as the leadership of a country.
– Based on a desire to end perceived wrongs in the
country.
– The changes made are often based on philosophical
ideas .
Famous Revolution
• 1776
• American Revolution
• Declaration of Independence
Famous Revolution
• 1789
• French
Revolution
• Liberty,Equality,
Fraternity
• Declaration of the
Rights of Man
Famous Revolution
• 1804
• Haitian Revolution
• Plantation slaves
overthrew the
French colonial
government &
declared their
freedom &
independence.
Famous Revolution
• 1917
• Russian Revolution
• Tsar is deposed by the
Provisional
Government.
• Bolsheviks seized
power in a coup.
• Civil War broke out.
• The Reds defeat the
Whites & created the
1st Communist state.
Famous Revolution
• 1949
• Chinese
Revolution
• Mao Zedong &
the Peoples
Liberation Army
defeated the
Nationalists.
Famous Revolution
• 1979
• Iranian Revolution
• Religious leader
Ayatollah Khomeini
overthrew the
Shah of Iran
• Created Muslim
theocracy.
Coup d’etat
• Quick, illegal takeover of the government
of a country by a small group of
conspirators within the country.
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Can be violent or non-violent.
It’s success depends on speed and surprise.
It results in rule by a dictator.
It’s often staged by military groups: a military coup.
Famous Coup d’etat
• 1653
• Oliver Cromwell
dissolved
Parliament
• Became Lord
Protector
Famous Coup d’etat
• 1688
• England
• Glorious
Revolution
• James II
overthrown
• Replaced by
William & Mary
Famous Coup d’etat
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1799
France
Napoleon
18 de Brumaire
Coup
• 1804
• Crowned himself
Emperor
Famous Coup d’etat
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1851
France
Louis Napoleon
Dissolved
parliament
• Declared himself
Emperor
Mexico , Venezuela, & Brazil
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1829
1832
1839
1854
1864
1913
1920
1935
1940, failed
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1899
1908
1945
1948
1958
1992, failed
2002, failed
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1823
1840
1889
1891
1930
1937
1938, failed
1955,
1959, failed
1964
Famous Coup d’etat
• 1917
• Russia
• Bolsheviks
seized power
during Russian
Revolution
• Lenin became
dictator
• Stalin replaced
him in 1924
Famous Coup d’etat
• 1922
• Italy
• Mussolini & his
Blackshirts
marched on
Rome
• Became IL Duce
Famous Coup d’etat
• 1923
• Germany
• Hitler is jailed in
failed Beer Hall
Putch
• 1933 he became
The Fuhrer
Famous Coup d’etat
• 1943
• Argentina
• Juan Peron
seized power
• With the help of
his wife Eva
• Evita
Famous Coup d’etat
• 1969
• Libya
• Omar Qadhafi
overthrew
monarchy
Famous Coup d’etat
• 1979
• Iraq
• Saddam Hussein
Reform
• The gradual process of change within the
established legal institution, that is aimed
at preserving but improving the existing
government.
– Most reform groups are non-violent, but can turn
violent especially when reformers are attacked by
their opponents or the government.
– Reform movements take several years to make an
impact.
– Once change is made it is usually permanent.
Famous Reform Movement
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1838-1848
England
Chartist
Movement
Demanded universal male suffrage
Secret Ballot
Parliamentary Reforms
Famous Reform Movement
• Abolition of
Slavery
• England, 18111830
• United States,
820-1865
• Brazil, 1858-1878
Famous Reform Movement
• Suffragettes
• Voting Rights for
Women
• 1848-1925
• England & United
States
Famous
Reform
Movement
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1950’s-1970’s
Civil Rights Movement
Equal rights for African Americans.
Also Hispanic, Asian, Native American,
Women, etc.
• Nonviolent Civil Disobedience