Transcript Cells - Lehi FFA

Cell Structures Unit
Cells – What are they?
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Specific
Separate mass surrounded by a semipermeable membrane
The basic structural unit of life
All organisms are composed of one or
more cells
Cells – What are they?
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How cells differ from each other;
Size
 Shape
 Organization
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The Discovery of the Cell
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The first microscope magnified an
object 270 times.
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Today, they can magnify 200,000 times.
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Robert Hooke was the first to view the
world of cells in 1660.
Cell Developments
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1665 – Robert Hooke
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English scientists
Took thin sliced of cork bark
Noticed they had similar compartments
He called them cells
Estimated there were 1 billion cells per
cubic inch
Cell Developments
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1838 – Matthais Schledien
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1839 – Theodor Schwann
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Discovered that plants have cells
Discovered that animals have cells
1858 – Rodolf Virchow
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Discovered that all cells come from living
things.
The Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of
cells.
 2. Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in organisms.
 3. All cells come from preexisting
cells.
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Animal Cell
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Cytoplasm:
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Suspended fluid inside the cell
Aids in transport of substances within the
cell
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Organelles
Special structures in the cytoplasm
 Each performs a special task to help
keep the cell alive
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Intra-cellular terminology
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Plasma
Membrane
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Encloses the
cell
Regulates
what enters
and exits the
cell
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Chromosomes
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Molecules of DNA
wrapped around
proteins
Found in the
Nucleus
Controls cell
functions and the
what traits are
passed on
Centriole
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Centriole
Small, Organelle
lying near the
nucleus in the
cytoplasm
 Aids in cell division
 Only in animal cells
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Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Endoplasmic
Reticulum
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A system of
canals
Transports
substances into
the cell
Called the
CHEMICAL
WORK BENCH
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Plants and Animals
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Smooth ER
Rough ER
Golgi
Apparatus
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Golgi Apparatus
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Found in the
cytoplasm
Packages proteins
for
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Storage
Secretion
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Plants and Animals
Lysosome
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Lysosome
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Breaks down food
and foreign material.
Removes waste
materials from the
cell
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Only in Animal Cells
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Messenger RNA
Synthesized in the Nucleus
 Passes through the ribosome
 Provides a template for enzyme or
protein synthesis
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Inter Cellular Terminology
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Transfer RNA
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Serves as an adaptor molecule in the
syntheses of protein
Mitochondria
Inter Cellular Terminology
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 Plants and Animals
Mitochondria
 Spherical or elongated
 Releases energy to
produce body heat.
 Contains the electron
transmitter
 POWERHOUSE OF
THE CELL
 Burn food to obtain
energy
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Nuclear Membrane
Separates the nucleus from the
cytoplasm
 Controls
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What leaves the cell
What enters the cell
Nucleus
& Nucleolus
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Nucleolus
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Produces
ribonucleic acids
(RNA)
Assembles
ribosome's
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Plants and Animals
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Nucleus
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Organelle
containing the
hereditary
information
Plants and Animals
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Ribosomes
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Granules
composed of
protein and
RNA
Synthesis
protein
Vacuole
Inter Cellular Terminology
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Vacuole
Small space
within a cell
 Filled with water
 Stores food,
water and
wastes
 Plants and Animals
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Structures outside of the Cell
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Hemoglobin
Red
 Protein pigment that transports O and
CO2
 Regulates pH
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Structures outside of the Cell
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Erythrocyte
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Red Blood Cells
Leukocytes
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White blood cells
Structures outside of the Cell
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Platelet
Small colorless corpuscle
 Aids in blood coagulation
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Levels of Cellular Organization
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Cells
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Tissues:
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Groups of tissues working together
Organ Systems:
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Groups of cells working together
Organs:
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The basic unit of all living things
Groups of organs working together
Organisms:
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Groups of organ systems working together
Processes of the Cell
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Absorption:
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Taking in water and nutrients
Chlorophyll:
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The green pigment of plants
Aids in photosynthesis
Processes of the Cell
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Chloroplast:
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The site that
photosynthesis
takes place
Chlorophyll:
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The green
pigment of plants
Aids in
photosynthesis
Processes of the Cell
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Differentiation:
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Process of changing unspecialized into
specialized cells
Photosynthesis:
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Making sugars in green plants from water,
carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight.
Processes of the Cell
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Respiration:
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Using stored foods to obtain energy
Transpiration:
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The evaporation of water from the leaves of
the plant
Processes of Photosynthesis
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The process that plants us to produce
food for themselves
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Plants are the factories of the world
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An estimated 150 billion tons of sugar are
produced by plants each year
Processes of Photosynthesis
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How it works
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Carbon Dioxide enters the leaf from the
surrounding air
Water moves from the soil into the root,
stems, and leaves
The H20 and the CO2 are synthesized in
the chlorophyll with the energy from
sunlight
Processes of Photosynthesis
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The end result is the formulation of
sugar which is transported around the
plant to be used
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After the plant uses the Hydrogen, and
Carbon, the Oxygen is a bi-product of
the photosynthesis and is released
Processes of Respiration
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Here’s how it works;
Sugar is broken down to produce
energy for essential plant functions.
 Respiration consumes oxygen and
glucose
 Respiration gives of Carbon Dioxide
and water
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Photosynthesis –vrs- Respiration
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Building of carbohydrates
Using carbohydrates
Sugars manufactured
Sugars consumed
Requires light
Happens day or night
Captures energy
Uses energy
Only takes place in plants
Carries on in both plants
and animals
Sugar is the end product
Energy produced for plant
functions
Plants vs. Animals
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Plant Cells
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Cell Wall
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Made of cellulose
Gives support and shape
They have chloroplasts
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Green chlorophyll pigment
Site of Photosynthesis
Plants vs. Animals
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Plant Cells
No microtubules
 No cenrioles
 Usually a single large vacuole
 Liposome's are absent.
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Plant Cell
Plants vs. Animals
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Animal Cells
Microtubules give them shape
 No cell wall, plastids, chloroplasts
 Vacuoles are small
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Animal Cell