Transcript Organelles - Eagan High School

Cells
Building blocks of
life!
Cell Discovery
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Early 1600’s
Saw tiny organisms
in pond water
Robert Hooke
1665
Saw tiny chambers
in cork tissue
called them “cells”
Cell Theory
1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units in living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
NO nucleus
Organelles present
Unicellular
Bacteria
Has Nucleus
Organelles present
Unicellular or multicellular
Animal, Fungi, & Plants
Cell Organelles
aka. “Little Organs”
Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell Organelles
Plant Cell Organelles
Plant Cell
1. Cell Membrane (lipid bi-layer)
-Thin, Flexible Barrier
-Protection and Boundary
- made of phospholipids
2. Cell Wall
Strong layer outside of cell membrane
Composed mainly of cellulose (in plants)
Support & Protect
Permeable
Found in Plants (cellulose), Fungi (chitin) & Prokaryotes
Cytoplasm & Centriole
3.Cytoplasm
Located between cell membrane &
nuclear membrane
(jelly-like fluid which contains
the other organelles)
4.Centriole
Helps organize microtubules during cell division.
a. nuclear membrane
-Surrounds Nucleus
-Protection, Boundary from Cytoplasm
5.Nucleus
-Contains DNA
b.nucleolus
-Makes ribosomes
c.nuclear pore
-Part of Nuclear Membrane
-Allows materials in and out of nucleus
d. Chromatin (basically the DNA)
-Genetic material made of DNA & proteins
-Found in Nucleus
-Condenses to form a chromosome
6. Cytoskeleton (Microtubules & Microfilaments)
Helps the cell maintain its shape.
Assists with movement of materials
Serve as “tracks” along which organelles move
Form cilia & flagella too
Assist in movement of DNA (chromosomes) in mitosis
7. Ribosomes
made of RNA & proteins
Assembled in the nucleolus
Make proteins !!
8. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
(Internal membrane system)
The Smooth ER (assembles lipids and
steroid hormones)
Ribosomes supply the proteins to Rough ER - where they are
properly folded &“packaged”
- Next, a bubble around the protein forms… called a Vesicle
“vehicle” (exocytosis)…...
9. Vesicle
form naturally during the processes
of secretion (exocytosis), uptake
(endocytosis) and transport of
materials within the cytoplasm.
(ex. Proteins moved from the ER to
the ….... #10...
10. Golgi Apparatus
Completes proteins (add carbs,
remove H20 etc.), stores, and moves
products to the rest of the body
where needed
11. Lysosome
Stores enzymes to digest nutrients
& break down old cell parts
12. Vacuole
Storage chamber (sugars, water, NaCl, lipid etc.)
Usually larger in Plants than animals.
13. Plastids such as…
Chloroplas
Also are chromoplasts which
store yellow & orange pigments
Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll
Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, & water to make food
via Photosynthesis
Contain their own DNA (former prokaryotes???)
14. Mitochondria
Converts glucose into energy (ATP) if Oxygen is available
Found in PLANTS & animals
Contain their own DNA (former prokaryotes???)
What process do they do? (Equation)
Don’t “cell” yourself short
Build a solid foundation of knowledge