Transcript World War II

World War Looms
Chapter 24
Essential Vocabulary
Totalitarian
► Fascism
► Nazism
► Neutrality Acts
► Appeasement
► Nonaggression pact
► Blitzkreig
► Holocaust
► Genocide
► Ghetto
►
Concentration camp
► Axis Powers
► Allies
► Atlantic Charter
► Manhattan Project
► Rationing
► D-Day
► Kamikaze
► Nuremberg trials
► Internment
►
Objectives
►
10.01






►
Appeasement
Isolationism
Reparations
Totalitarian governments
Treaty of Versailles
Worldwide depression
10.02
 The United States at war
 The influences of propaganda at home and abroad
 Designs for peace
►
10.03




The Homefront
Suspension of civil liberties
Suburbanization
Transition to peacetime
Essential Questions
► How
are civil liberties challenged during
times of conflict?
► How has the perception of the US in the
world changed as US self-perception has
changed?
► How has the American view of the world
been shaped by its own size, location, and
natural resource base?
► Why was World War II a major turning
point in American history?
Crash Course
► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Objoad6
rG6U
Aftermath of World War I
► Nationalism
Grips
Europe and Asia
► 2 Failures of the Treaty
of Versailles
 Caused anger and
resentment
 Democracies that were
created collapsed
Communism
► An
economic and
political system
► One
Party System
► State
ownership of
all property
Totalitarianism
► Totalitarian:
Gov.
has full control over
the people.
► No
rights, no
opposition
► Total
control
Fascism
► Stressed
nationalism.
► Placed
interest of
the state over the
individual
► Strength
unity.
► Fasces
though
in Latin
Nazism
► German
brand of
► Extreme
nationalism
► Extreme
Racism
► Extreme
Expansion
Fascism
USSR
►
Joseph Stalin
►
Soviet Union established in
1922
►
Wanted to make the Soviet
Union a great industrial
power
►
Responsible for the deaths
of 8-13 million of his own
people
►
Totalitarian-Communist
► Benito
Mussolini
► Powerful
► Fear
speaker
of communism
► Marched
1922
► “Black
on Rome in
Shirts”
► Totalitarian-Fascist
Italy
Germany
►
Adolf Hitler
►
Appointed chancellor in 1933
►
Mein Kampf-My Struggle
►
Wanted to bring all German
speaking people under one
empire
►
Racial purification
►
National expansion
Established the Third Reich
► Totalitarian-Nazism
►
Japan and Spain
► Japan
 Militarists
 Seized control of
Manchuria in 1931
 Quit the League of
Nations
► Spain
 Francisco Franco
 After the Spanish Civil
War, Franco emerged
as the fascist dictator
America Responds Cautiously
► Isolationism
► Neutrality
Acts
 Outlawed arms sales or
loans to nations at war
and to nations in civil
wars
Austria
► Small
nation created
after The Paris Peace
Conference
► Majority
of population
were Germans
► March
12th 1938
Austria Falls
unopposed.
► World
does nothing
Czechoslovakia/ Sudetenland
► In
Sudetenland,
western boarder of
Czechoslovakia
►3
Million German
speaking people lived
► More
living space
► More
Resources
Protection to Appeasement
► Britain
and France to
protect Czechoslovakia
► Neville
Chamberlain
and Edouard Daladier
invited to Munich,
Germany to meet with
Hitler
► Sudetenland
“last
territorial demand”
► Munich
Agreement
signed in Sep. 1938 by
Chamberlain, Daladier,
and Hitler. Gave
Sudetenland to
Germany, no shots
fired.
► Appeasement:
Giving
up principals to pacify
and aggressor.
Winston Churchill
► Political
rival of Neville
Chamberlain
► Believed
the Munich
Agreement was
shameful
► Hated
the idea of
appeasement
►
► “Britain
and France
had to chose between
war and dishonor.
They chose dishonor.
They will have war.”
The German Offensive Begins
► March
15th, 1939 rest of
Czechoslovakia. taken.
► Britain
and France both to
supply military aid to
Poland
► Germany
wouldn’t dare,
could bring Russia, Britain,
and France in.
► Two
Front War.
Soviet Union
► August
23rd 1939
Signing of the
Nonaggression
Pact: both Russia
and Germany would
not attack each
other.
► Secret
pact to
divide Poland
► Two
mas
Front War no
► Poland's
sealed
fate is
Blitzkrieg in Poland
► Made
► September
► Blitzkrieg:
War
► Luftwaffe
1st 1939
Lightning
– German
Forces pour into
Poland
use of new
German technologies.
Faster Tanks and
more powerful
airplanes
► Bombing
cities,
military bases,
airfields, and railroads
► Chaos
in the country.
War Declared
► September
3rd 1939
► Britain
and France
declare war
► Soviet
Union takes
eastern portion of
Poland
The Phony War
► French
and British troops sat on Maginot
Line: system of fortifications along eastern
Franco-German Boarder.
► German
Forces sat on Siegfried Line:
► Germans
war.
called this the Sitzkrieg: Sitting
Soviet Union
► After
taking eastern Poland
► Stalin
takes Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia,
and Lithuania
► Also
takes Finland by end of 1939
Germany
► April
4th 1940
► Hitler
takes Denmark and Norway to
“protect those countries freedom and
independence.”
► By
May of 1940 Belgium, The Netherlands,
and Luxembourg are over run
France and Britain Fight On
► Maginot
Line is ineffective
► Bypasses
through Belgium
► Into
Ardennes: Wooded region in
northeastern France
► Next
stop Paris
Fall of France
► Germans
trap 400,000
French, Belgian, and
British Troops at
Dunkirk
► In
1 week more than
800 vessels brought
330,000 troops to
Britain.
► Italy
joins in war on
German side
► Invades
France
► Fall
southern
of France
 June 22, 1940
 Charles de Gaulle
► Set
up a government-inexile
Battle of Britain
► Germany
cant
compete with
British Navy
► Every
► Fight
► Royal
► Use
by air
of 2,600 Planes
night for two
months bombs fell
on London
Air Force use
of radar to take
down planes
The Holocaust
► Holocaust
 Systematic murder of 11
million people, more than
half of them Jews
► The
Persecution Begins
 Anti-Semitism : hatred of
jews
 Nuremberg Laws 1935:
► Jews
were stripped of their
rights, property, and jobs
► Forced to wear a yellow star
for identification
The Persecution Begins
► Kristallnacht
 November 9-10, 1938
 “Night of the Broken
Glass”
► Flood
of Jewish
Refugees
 Many fled the country,
but had trouble finding
countries that would
accept them
 St. Louis
Hitler’s “Final Solution”
► Genocide—deliberate
and systematic killing
of an entire population
► Targeted groups:
Jews, gypsies,
freemasons, Jehovah’s
Witnesses,
homosexuals, mentally
deficient, mentally ill,
physically disabled,
incurably ill
Hitler’s “Final Solution”
► Ghettos
 Segregated areas in
certain Polish cities
► Concentration
camps
 Labor camps
► The
Final Stage
 Mass exterminations
► Death
camps
The Condemned
► Belief
that the Aryan Race was superior
► Need
to rid of the undesirables
► Special
Nazi Death “Security Squadrons” (SS)
Write a reflection
►I
want you to consider the impact the
Holocaust may have on a population.
Include some details which you have
learned in this lesson. You may write it as a
letter, Journal entry, or even pose
questions. Please be sure to take your time.
Turn to your partner
► Why
do you think this happened?
► What would you do if this were to happen
to you and your family?
► How were these people targeted in what
ways?
► Do you think this will ever happen again?
Inside the Nazi War Machine
► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPdRRU
vnji4
America Moves Toward War
► Moving
away from
neutrality
 Cash and Carry
► Tripartite
Pact
 Germany, Italy and
Japan
 Became known as the
Axis Powers
► Roosevelt
runs for a
third term and wins
with 55% of the vote
America Moves Toward War
► Lend-Lease
Plan
 The president would
lend or lease arms to
“any country whose
defense was vital the
United States”
 Both Great Britain and
Russia benefit
► German
Wolf Packs
 German submarines
 US had permission to
attack them in self
defense
German U-Boat being attacked by Allied Aircraft.
FDR Plans for War
► The
Atlantic Charter
 Joint declaration of war
aims
► Collective
security,
disarmament, selfdetermination, economic
cooperation, and
freedom of the seas
► Shoot
on Sight
 FDR ordered that
German submarines be
shot on sight after a US
destroyer was fired on
 Other US ships were
attacked as well
Japan Attacks the United States
► Japan’s
expansion
 Hideki Tojo
 Expansion into China
 Need for oil
► Pearl





Harbor
December 7, 1941
Hour and a half air raid
2,403 Americans killed
1,178 wounded
21 ships sunk or
damaged
Reaction to Pearl Harbor
► Roosevelt’s
Congress
Address to
 Asked for a declaration
of war against Japan
 Approved
 End to isolationism
 Germany and Italy
declared war on the US
three days later
The United States in
World War II
Chapter 25
Mobilizing for Defense
► Selective
Service
 5 million volunteered
 10 million were drafted
► Expanding
the Military
 George Marshall—Army
Chief of Staff General
 Women’s Auxiliary Army
corps (WAAC)
► Women
would serve in
noncombat positions
► Nurses, ambulance
drivers, radio operators,
electricians, pilots
A Production Miracle
► Industrial
Response
 Many domestic
industries (cars, pencils,
etc.) switched to war
production
► Labor’s
Contribution
 Women and minority
workers filled the war
industry jobs
 Were paid less
 A. Philip Randoph
► Led
the way to equitable
opportunity in industry
A Production Miracle
► Manhattan
Project
 Office of Scientific
Research and
Development (OSRD)
 Atomic bomb
 Albert Einstein
Federal Government Takes Control
►
Office of Price
Administration (OPA)
 Froze prices on most goods
 Fighting inflation
►
War Production Board
(WPB)
 Peacetime to wartime
companies
 Scrap material, raw
materials
►
Rationing
 Fixed allotments of goods
deemed essential for the
military
The War for Europe and North Africa
► The
US and Britain join
forces
 War Plans
► Churchill
and Roosevelt
met to discuss their
plans—the US would
attack Hitler first
 The Battle of the
Atlantic
► German
wolf packs
► Convoy system, sonar
The Eastern Front and the
Mediterranean
► Stalingrad
 The Germans are finally
defeated
 Turning point in the war
 Soviet death toll:
1,100,000 soldiers
► North
Africa
 Operation Torch
 General Dwight D.
Eisenhower
 Allies are victorious
► Ernie
Pyle—war
correspondent
The Eastern Front and the
Mediterranean
► The
Italian Campaign
 Sicily falls
 Moussilini is forced to
resign
 Italy does not fall until
1945
Heroes
► Tuskegee
► Buffaloes
► Nisei
Airmen
The Allies Liberate Europe
► D-Day
Eisenhower
Normandy
June 6, 1944
Largest land-sea-air
operation in army
history
 Omaha Beach




D-Day
► Omar
Bradley
 Led air and land
bombardment at St. Lo
 Allowed George Patton
and his Third Army to
advance
► Liberated
Paris
 By September 1944, the
Allies had freed France,
Belgium, and
Luxembourg
The Allies Liberate Europe
► Battle
of the Bulge
 German troops
advanced to create a
bulge in the Allied lines
 Germans are pushed
back
► Liberation
Camps
of the Death
 Horrors of the death
camps
Unconditional Surrender
► Hitler
and his wife
commit suicide
► V-E Day
 May 8, 1945
 Victory in Europe Day
► Roosevelt’s
Death
 Died April 12, 1945
 Harry S. Truman
becomes President
The War in the Pacific
► Douglas
MacArthur
► Doolittle’s Raid
 Raid on Tokyo
► Coral
Sea
 Americans and
Australians
 Japanese were turned
back
The War in the Pacific
► Battle
of Midway
 Strategic island
northwest of Hawaii
 Allies stopped the
Japanese
 Chester Nimitz—
commander of
American naval forces
in the Pacific
 Turning point in the
Pacific War
 “Island Hopping”
The Allies Go On the Offensive
► Japanese
Defense
 Kamikaze—suicide
plane
► Iwo
Jima
 Could act as a base for
bombers to reach Japan
 Heavily defended
 6,000 marines died
The Allies Go On the Offensive
► Battle
for Okinawa
 Allies invaded in April
1945
 7,600 Americans died
 110,000 Japanese died
The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
Cloud after the bomb
was dropped on
Hiroshima.
► Manhattan
Project
 Led by J. Robert
Oppenheimer
 Very secretive
 Hiroshima—military
center
► Bomb
dropped on August
6, 1945
 Nagasaki
Nagasaki after the
second bomb was
dropped.
Rebuilding Begins
► Yalta
Conference
 February 1945
► Roosevelt,
Churchill,
Stalin met in Yalta
► Big Three
 Division of Germany
into four zones
 Stalin would join the
war in Japan
► Nuremberg
Trials
 24 surviving Nazi
leaders put on trial
 12 were sentenced to
death
Rebuilding Begins
► Occupation
of Japan
 Occupied by the US
under General Douglas
MacArthur
 War trials—Prime
Minister Hideki Tojo
executed
 Seven year occupation
► Reshaped
their economy
► New constitution
The Home Front
► Opportunity
Adjustment
and
 Economic Gains
► Unemployment
fell
► Wages
rose
► Women in the work force
 Population Shifts
 Social adjustments
► GI
Bill of Rights
 Provided for education
and training for
veterans
 Provided loan
guarantees—homes or
businesses
FDR signs the GI Bill of Rights.
Discrimination and Reaction
► Civil
Rights Protests
 James Farmer
► Founded
the Congress of
Racial Equality (CORE)
 Zoot-Suit Riots
Internment of Japanese Americans
► Internment
 Confinement
 Korematsu v. United
States
► Military
necessity
 Japanese American
Citizens League (JACL)