Transcript World War II

World War II
World War I
“The War to end all Wars”
What happened?
The Treat of Versailles
• The official Treaty that ended
WW I
• Germans felt unjustly punished for
war
• Russia was unhappy about losing
Poland, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania
and Latvia
Versailles Treaty…..
• Did nothing to help war torn nations
rebuild
• New Democracies expected to pay
off war debt
• These Democracies soon collapsed
• Russia fell into a revolution and
Communist state was established
The Treaty of Versailles
Versailles….
• Soviet leader Lenin died-1924
• Joseph Stalin rises to power
• Stalin in Russian translates to “Man
of Steel”
• By 1939 Russia had become the
worlds 3rd largest industrial power
behind Germany and the U.S.A.
Mussolini and Fascism
• “Italy wants peace, work, and calm. I
will give these things with love if
possible, with force if necessary.”
-Benito Mussolini
Mussolini's Blood and Brain
Reportedly on Sale on eBay
Monday, November 23, 2009
Fascism
• Fascism-New political movement
that consisted of a strong,
centralized government headed by a
powerful dictator.
Fascism
• Unlike Stalin’s Communism;
Mussolini’s fascist state did not
control farms or factories
• 1935-Fascism takes control of Italy
• Mussolini calls himself, Il Duce or
“The Chief”
• Italy was now a Totalitarian State
Joseph Stalin
The Nazi’s take over Germany
• Hitler was a jobless soldier following
WW I
• 1919 Hitler joins a struggling group
called, “ The National Socialist
German Workers’ Party”
• Hitler becomes the party leader-or
Fuhrer
Hitler/Nazism
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1.
2.
3.
Hitler lays out basic belief system
in book; Mein Kamph (My Struggle)
Three elements:
Extreme Nationalism
A Superior Race “Aryans”
National Expansion
3-Faces of Totalitarianism
Nazism
Communism
Fascism
Fascist Italy
Nazi Germany Communist
Soviet Union
Extreme
Nationalism
Extreme
nationalism and
racism
Worldwide spread
of communism
Militaristic
expansionism
Militaristic
expansionism
Revolution by
workers
Private property
with strong
government
controls
Private property
with strong
government
controls
Eventual rule by
working class
Anti-Communist
Strong Leader
State ownership of
property
Anti-Communist
Militarists Gain Control in Japan
• 1931 Japan launches surprise attack
on Manchuria
• A resource rich area the size of
Alaska
League of Nations
• The League of Nations was
established after WW I to
prevent just such invasions
• So, Japan quit the League
Manchuria
Aggression in Europe
• The Leagues failure to take action
emboldened Hitler
• 1933-Hitler follows Japans lead and
pulls out of the League of Nations
League of Nations-League of
Failure and Inaction
• 1933 Hitler begins military
build-up- a direct violation of the
Treaty of Versailles
• One year later Hitler sends
troops into the Rhineland
Aggression in Europe
• Hitler signs the Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
• This forms an alliance with Italy
• The League of Nations does nothing
League of Nations-League of
Failure and Inaction
• 1933 Mussolini begins build-up of
Empire
• Ethiopia is targeted
• 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia…the
League scolds Italy; but no actual
action is taken
• 1936 Ethiopia falls
The United States Responds
Cautiously
• 1938- The U.S. and 61 other nations
sign the Kellogg-Briand Pact
• A Congressional pledge to “never
make war again”
Clinging to Isolationism
• “Merchants of Death” –people who
profit from war
• Girl Scouts change uniforms from
khaki- to green-in order to appear
“less militaristic” in protest of war
Vocabulary
• Fascism: A system of government
marked by centralization of authority
under a dictator.
• This term, first used by Mussolini in
1919, comes from the Latin word
fasces, a bundle of sticks bound to
an ax, an object which symbolized
unity and authority.
Vocabulary
• IL Duce: Italian for “the leader” or
“chief”
• Fuhrer: German for “leader” or
“guide”
• Nazism: A political movement based
on extreme nationalism and racism.
The term Nazi is a shortened form of
the German word Nationalsozialist
Adolf and Benito
Aggression in Europe
• League of Nations fails
• 1935 Hitler begins military build-up
in violation of the Treaty of
Versailles
• Rome/Berlin Pact is signed (Italy and
Germany are now allies)
The United States Responds
• United States citizens were firmly
against getting involved
• 1938-Kellog-Briand Pact signedStating the U.S. and 61 other nations
would never make war again.
United States clings to Isolationism
• Merchants of Death-bankers and
manufactures who gained great
wealth as result of United
States entry in WW I
• 70% of Americans believed U.S.
should not have entered WW I
Isolationism
• FDR takes office in 1933
• Officially recognizes Soviet Union
“formerly known as Russia”
Isolationism
• 1935 Congress passesNeutrality Acts- 1st two acts
outlawed arms sales to nations
at war
• 3rd Act- extended first two acts
to include nations under civil
unrest
Neutrality Breaks Down
• (1936-1939) Spanish Civil War
• U.S. sends money, volunteers and
supplies to Spain
Spanish Civil War
Guernica: by Pablo Picasso
Austria and Czechoslovakia Fall
• Hitler declares need for Lebensraum:
German for “living room” or “space
for growing population”
Union with Austria
• 1938 German troops march into
Austria and announce its
“Anschluss” or union with Austria
Bargaining for the Sudetenland
• Hitler turns toward Czechoslovakia
• Sudetenland: an Austro-Hungarian
Empire broken up at the end of WW I
• 1938 France and Great Britain sign
the Munich Pact
This gives Hitler his
“Sudetenland”
The German Offensive Begins
• 1939 Germany targets Poland
• 1939 Germany and Russia sign a
“non-aggression” pact
• Also, a secret pact was signed
agreeing to divide Poland
Blitzkrieg in Poland: Start of the
War
• Blitzkrieg-lightning war
• Massive multi-efforted strike
• Britain and France declare war
September 3rd 1939
The Phony War
• The Maginot Line opposite the
Siegfried Line
• Idle war was called “Sitzkrieg”
• Late 1939 Stalin invades Finland as
well as all other territories lost
during WW I including: Latvia,
Estonia, and Lithuania
The Maginot Line
The Phony War
• April, 1940 Hitler launches surprise
invasion of Denmark and Norway
• By May of the same year
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg
all fell
France and Britain Fight On
• France and Britain build the Maginot
Line
• Hitler goes around it, through the
Ardennes forest
The Fall of France
• Allied forces are cut off and flee
from Dunkirk
• There they are ferried across the
English Channel to safety
The Fall of France
• June 17th 1940
• Italy invades France
• With Italy marching in from the south
and Germany from the north; France
surrenders
• French General Charles de Gaulle
flees to England
Charles De Gaulle
The Battle of Britain
• Luftwaffe-German Air Force
• Every night for two months Germany
pounds London from the air
The Holocaust
• Hitler’s S.S. or Schutzstaffel or Security
Squadron
• 1933 “Non-Aryans” are removed from jobs
• A campaign for racial purity began
• Holocaust: a systematic, ordered
genocide of Jews, Gypsies and other nonAryan peoples
Why the Jews?
• Anti-Semitism-or hatred of Jews
• Nuremberg Laws enacted; stripped
Jews of civil rights and property if
they tried to leave
Why the Jews?
• November 1938 began the
“Kristallnacht” or “crystal night”
• Nazi storm troopers attack Jewish
homes, businesses and synagogues
• 20,000 Jews were “arrested” and
transported to concentration camps
The Plight of Jewish Refugees
• Jews try to flee Germany but many
countries are unable or unwilling to
allow tens of thousands of
homeless/jobless people into their
countries…including the U.S.
• These countries also fear a backlash
against Jews (Anti-Semitism)
The Condemned
• Gypsies-who were inferior
• Freemasons- Accused of
supporting the “Jewish
Conspiracy” to rule the world
• Jehovah’s Witnesses -who
refused to join the army or
salute Hitler
The Condemned
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•
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•
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Also targeted were:
Homosexuals
The mentally infirmed
The insane
The disabled
And the incurably ill
The Condemned
• Later- the Poles, Ukrainians and
Russians were added to the list of
Untermenschen or Sub-humans
• Whole towns were emptied and
resettled with Germans seeking
Lebensraum
The Tripartite Act
• Japan, Germany and Italy sign a
pact- or a mutual defense treaty
• They came to be known as The Axis
Powers
Building American Defenses
• Years of Isolationism led to a
weakened U.S. military
• 18 countries had stronger
militaries than the U.S.
• 1 million men were drafted to
serve a 1- year term
Roosevelt Runs for a 3rd Term
• Lend-Lease Act is signed
• The President would lend/lease
arms and other supplies to any
country whose defense was
vital to the U.S.
• 1941-1945 a total of $50 Billion
was spent
Wolf Packs
• Hitler’s U-Boats or submarines
hunted in pack of 15-20 and
sunk ships faster than the allies
could build them
Japan Attacks the United States
• Japan pushes expansion southward
• U.S. objects and imposes oil
embargo
Attack on Pearl Harbor
• 18 ships sunk or badly damaged
• 350 planes destroyed
• 2,400 deaths
• 1,178 wounded
• More death and destruction than the
whole of WW I suffered by the U.S.
Navy
World War Two
• 3-days later Germany and Italy
declare war on the United States
• Burton Wheeler proclaims after the
attack, “the only thing now to do, is
to kick the hell out of them.’
U.S.S. Arizona
• U.S.S. –United States Ship
• Sank with 1,177 souls aboard
and still lay entombed inside
the ship to this very day
U.S.S. Arizona
U.S.S. Arizona