Transcript North Carolina in Depression and War

North Carolina in Depression
and War
Chapter 22
The Great Depression
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Depression: a downturn in economic activity
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Sales of goods and prices fall
Banks fail, and
People lose their jobs
Causes of the Depression
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Agriculture declined weakening the economy
Farmers were unable to repay bank loans
Businesses had fewer sales
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economist: studies the economy
“Black Thursday”
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Occurred on October 24, 1929: the stock
market crashed
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NYSE: largest stock market
NC in the Depression
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In North Carolina, agriculture was the hardest hit
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Most profitable industries:
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Tobacco
Electrical power
Telephone
Chemical
Paper companies
Easing the Burden
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To help the unemployed, Governor Gardner
created the Live-at-Home program. This
program encouraged farmers to:
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Grow gardens
Can food, and
Raise the necessities that they usually bought at
the store
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Jane McKimmon: showed farm wives how to
can food
The New Deal
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Under President Franklin Roosevelt,
Congress passed laws known as the New
Deal, to bring about:
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Economic recovery
Relieve the suffering of the unemployed
Reform defects in the economy, and
Improve society
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Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): provided
price supports for farm products
Wagner Act: guaranteed workers the right of
collective bargaining
Relief
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Public works projects were created to help
the economy recover by helping the
unemployed
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Works Progress Administration (WPA):
provided jobs by building schools, parks,
roads, and airports
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): provided
jobs for young men to preserve soil and purify
water
Social Security Act: provided old-age
benefits/insurance from taxes paid by
workers and employees
Economic Reforms
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC): insured depositors’ accounts in banks
Social Improvement
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): built
hydroelectric dams on the Tennessee River
and its tributaries
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Fontana dam/lake: the highest dam and longest
lake in NC
The Second World War
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International relations worsened as:
Japan
 Italy
 Germany, and
 the Soviet Union
tried to expand their power and territory
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Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini led Italy to
take over countries in Africa and the Balkans
German dictator, Adolf Hitler seized much of
Europe by 1940
The War Begins
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World War II began on September 1, 1939,
when Britain, France, Australia, New
Zealand, Canada and South Africa declared
war on Germany
Lend-lease aid: the lending or leasing of
weapons to Britain, during WWII, when they
ran out of cash
America Enters the War
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On Dec. 8, 1941, after the bombing at Pearl
Harbor on Dec. 7, the United States entered
WWII
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Dutch East Indies - Indonesia
NC in WWII
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NC was the site for many training bases
located at:
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Fort Bragg (largest artillery post)
Camp Lejeune
Camp Mackall
Camp Battle
Cherry Point Marine Air Base, and many others
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Cape Hatteras became known as “Torpedo
Junction”, because so many ships were sunk
by German submarines
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Mica: used in electronic parts
Shipyards in NC:
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Wilmington
New Bern
Elizabeth City
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Many goods were rationed, because they
were in short supply
Some goods that were rationed are:
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Meat
Butter
Canned goods
Gas
Shoes
Tires
Coffee, and
Sugar