Transcript Cell lesson
Cells Georgia High School Graduation Test: Science Review 1 Introduction • From the key vocabulary, circle the words that you can already define or use in a sentence. • Write down two or three things that you think are important for you to know today. 2 What is biology? • The study of living things • What is considered living? –anything that has the ability to nourish, grow, and reproduce –cells must be present 3 Cell Theory • The cell is considered the basic unit of life. • All living things contain at least one cell. • Cells come from pre-existing cells. 4 Sample Question 1. What structures can be identified in a typical animal or plant cell? 5 Plant Cells versus Animal Cells PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL 6 Plant Cells versus Animal Cells PLANT CELLS • cell wall (provides structure) • chloroplast (location of photosynthesis/ energy production) ANIMAL CELLS • centrioles (responsible for cell reproduction) 7 Organelles Common to Both STRUCTURE FUNCTION nucleus control of all cell activities; location of DNA mitochondria energy production Golgi complex (apparatus) assembles, sorts, and transports cell products ribosome protein synthesis chromosome 8 composed of DNA containing genetic material Cell Organelles, continued STRUCTURE FUNCTION cell membrane phospholipid bilayer; maintains homeostasis; protects the cell lysosome digests old cells and food (cleans up the cell) endoplasmic reticulum produces, stores, and transports protein (rough) and lipids (smooth) flagella/cilia movement of materials 9 Sample Question 2. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 10 Prokaryotes “Pro-No” • No true nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles • No well-organized membrane 11 Prokaryotes “Pro-No” • All prokaryotes are bacteria and all bacteria are prokaryotes • Prokaryotes = bacteria (Monera) 12 Eukaryotes “Eu-True” • True nucleus • Well organized membrane • Membrane – bound organelles • Most plants and animals and other specialized organisms 13 Active versus Passive Transport ACTIVE TRANSPORT • requires energy (low concentration to high) • endocytosis and exocytosis • active transport (ATP is used) PASSIVE TRANSPORT • diffusion (particles from high concentration to low) • osmosis (water from high concentration to low) • facilitated transport (diffusion using a membrane protein) 14 Organic Compounds ORGANIC COMPOUND carbohydrates lipids DEFINITION sugars and starches fats (insoluble in water) proteins amino acids nucleic acids DNA and RNA FUNCTION provide energy store energy responsible for most cell functions store hereditary information 15 Homeostasis • The maintenance of a constant, stable environment internally • example: body temperature Cell Membrane and Homeostasis • utilizes active and passive transport • diffusion and osmosis depends on environment (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) 16 Hydrophobic versus Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Hydrophilic • “water-fearing” • “water-loving” • outside of cell • inside of cell 17 Discussion • If the cell were a community, what components would a cell have to have to function as a community? (boundaries— political, transportation, energy source) 18