Transcript Cells, Tissues, Organs and Body Systems

Cells, Tissues, Organs and
Body Systems
Notes for Quiz
Characteristics of Living Things
Composed of cells
Reproduce
Grow
Repair themselves
Require energy
Respond to their environment
Die
Produce wastes
Microscope Parts: page 356
Microscope Safety
 Always carry the microscope by the arm and
the base.
 Never use the coarse-adjustment knob in high
power (you could damage the lens/slide and it
should already be in focus).
 Always use a dust cover.
 Be careful with slide (they are made of glass).
 Store with the low-power objective lens in
place.
 Start with the objective lens as close to the
slide as possible and then move up to focus.
 Use 2 hands to focus.
Cell Structures: Animals
Nucleus: the control centre
Chromosomes: carry genetic information
Cell Membrane: controls what goes in
and out of the cell
Cytoplasm: allows materials to be
transported quickly and stored
Vacuole: stores water and nutrients
Flagellum: a whip-like tail that allows
some cells to move
Cilia: tiny hairs that can move some cells
or the surrounding environment
Cell Structures: Plants
Plant cells have all the same structures
as animal cells plus:
Vacuole: the vacuole is much larger in
plant cells
Cell Wall: supports and protects the
plant cell
Chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll and
allow the plant cell to make it’s own food
SEE DIAGRAMS ON PAGE 20 AND 21
Organelles
 Mitochondria: provide cells with energy
through respiration
 Ribosomes: Proteins (needed for growth,
repair and reproduction) are put together on
endoplasmic reticulum
 Endoplasmic Reticulum: carry materials
through the cytoplasm
 Golgi Apparatus: stores protein molecules
 Lysosomes: Breaks down large molecules and
destroys damaged or worn-out cells
SEE DIAGRAMS ON PAGE 26 AND 27
Diffusion
Cell membranes are selectively
permeable (they allow some things to
enter or leave but not others).
Diffusion: the movement of molecules
from areas of high concentration to
areas of low concentration.
Substances that a cell uses up
(nutrients) will be low inside the cell so
they will diffuse INTO the cell.
Waste products tend to be more
concentrated inside the cell so they will
diffuse OUT of the cell.
Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of WATER
through a selectively permeable
membrane (like the cell membrane)
from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
HOMEWORK (we will do this in class)
Page 78-80
# 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 17, 25a
Due next class for reviewing
Don’t fret!! They are mostly multiple
choice/fill in the blank questions.