Transcript Quantum Computers - Indiana University of Pennsylvania

Quantum Computers
By Ryan Orvosh
Road Map

What are quantum computers?

How they work

History and Background Information

Models

Advantages/Disadvantages

Applications

The Future
What are quantum computers?

Definition: A quantum computer is a
computer design which uses the
principles of quantum physics to increase
the computational power beyond what is
attainable by a traditional computer.
How they work?
Qubits: some type of particle a photon,
nucleus or electron
 Can hold 1 or 0 ( up or down) base
positions or superpositions
 Use force to move position use position as a
value. For example use of magnetic fields
with electron qubits

2 bits vs 2 qubits

2 bits contains 2 bits of information

2 qubits contains 4 bits of information
because you need 4 coefficients of
probability to determine the value they
represent.

2N = classical bits where N is the number
of Qubits.
History and Background
History and Background
First proposed in the 1980 by
mathematician,Yuri Manin.
 In 1981 physicist, Richard Feynman proposed
a basic model for a quantum computer.
 In 1985, David Deutsch described first
universal quantum computer, counterpart to
the universal Turing Machine

History

In 1994 mathematician, Peter Shor
discovered an algorithm that could factor
large integers quickly on a quantum
computer.
History

1998 first 2 qubit quantum computing system
developed, was only able to do some simple
calculations by using the principle of nuclear
magnetic resonance NMR.
History

In 2005, the first quantum byte, or qubyte
(8 qubits), is announced to have been
created by scientists at The Institute of
Quantum Optics and Quantum
Information at the University of
Innsbruck in Austria
Current Developments
Currently

D-Wave Systems founded in 1999 one of
largest names in commercial quantum
computing systems.
Currently

128 qubit system costs about $10 million
made by D-Wave
Currently
As of May 2013 largest system is 512
qubits.
 D-Wave Two
 Collaboration between Google, NASA,
Universities Space Research Association
utilizing it for an Artificial Intelligence Lab.

Advantages / Disadvantages
Advantages

Perform extremely complicated
calculations easily such as extremely large
systems of linear equations.

Possible to simulate quantum systems not
possible on traditional computers

Potentially thousands of times faster
Disadvantages
Requires new algorithms to reach its
potential
 If a result of a computation happens to
not be in a base position, the answer is
too difficult to understand.
 Not a lot of experience.
 Greater need for cooling, example
negative 460 degree F

Applications
Peter’s Shor’s algorithm enhanced to
improve radar stealth technology
 Recent quantum algorithms believed to aid
in the creation of new pharmaceuticals.
 Use in cryptography for more secure data
encryption.

Applications

Better predicting patterns in weather.

Detect problems in the stock market

Mathematics field of optimization

Google, more efficient searches
Future
Not expected to replace traditional
computers any time soon.
 Still years away from a universal system.
 Potential for advances in artificial
intelligence.

References
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130820161201.htm
http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-01/largest-ever-quantumcalculation-uses-84-qubits-and-takes-just-270-milliseconds
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_quantum_computing
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/quantum-computer2.htm
http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21578027-firstreal-world-contests-between-quantum-computers-and-standard-onesfaster
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_IaVepNDT4
Conclusion
What quantum computers are
 How they work
 History and background
 Current trends
 Applications
 Future

Questions?