Transcript AI-long

Artificial Intelligence
What is AI?
• Turing’s definition
• Are we there yet?
• Eliza (the original)
• Alice
• Joan
My Definition
Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make
computers do things that people are better at or
would be better at if:
• they could extend what they do to a World Wide
Web-sized amount of data and
• not make mistakes.
The Key Components
• Perception
• Knowledge
• Reasoning
• Language
• Moving around
We’re Still Ahead on Perception
http://www.captcha.net/
But What About Knowledge?
• Why do we need it?
Find me stuff about dogs who save people’s lives.
• How can we represent it and use it?
• How can we acquire it?
But What About Knowledge?
• Why do we need it?
Find me stuff about dogs who save people’s lives.
Two beagles spot a fire.
Their barking alerts
neighbors, who call 911.
• How can we represent it and use it?
• How can we acquire it?
Even Children Know a Lot
A story described in Charniak (1972):
Jane was invited to Jack’s birthday party. She wondered if
he would like a kite. She went into her room and shook her
piggy bank. It made no sound.
Distributed Knowledge Acquisition
• Acquiring knowledge for use by people
• Oxford English Dictionary
(http://oed.com/about/contributors/ )
• Wikipedia
• Acquiring knowledge for use by programs
• ESP (http://www.espgame.org/)
• Open Mind (http://commons.media.mit.edu:3000/)
• CYC (http://www.cyc.com)
Language Processing Today
• WikiAnswers
• Newsblaster
Machine Translation
A day after launching a huge operation that ignited heavy fighting in two of Iraq’s
largest cities, Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki gave the Shiite militias
controlling the southern oil city of Basra an ultimatum on Wednesday: lay down
their weapons within 72 hours or face more severe consequences.
Un día después de lanzar una gran operación que encendió una fuerte
lucha en dos de las ciudades más grandes de Iraq, el Primer Ministro Nuri
Kamal al-Maliki dio el control de las milicias chiítas del sur de la ciudad
petrolera de Basora el miércoles un ultimátum: depongan las armas
dentro de las 72 horas O se enfrentan a consecuencias más graves.
A day after launching a major operation that sparked a strong fight in two of the
largest cities in Iraq, Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki gave control of the
Shiite militias in the south of the oil city of Basra on Wednesday an ultimatum :
lay down their weapons within 72 hours or face more serious consequences.
Machine Translation
I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I
shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do
not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from
the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are
such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He
little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes
withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers
sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I
announced my name.
Acabo de regresar de una visita a mi dueño - el solitario vecino que se turbe
con. Este es sin duda un hermoso país! En Inglaterra todos, no creo que yo
podría haber fijado sobre una situación tan completamente eliminado de la
conmoción de la sociedad. Un perfecto misanthropist del cielo: y el señor
Heathcliff y yo somos una pareja adecuada para dividir a la desolación entre
nosotros. Una capital compañeros! Él poco imaginar cómo mi corazón calentado
hacia él cuando vi sus ojos negro retirar de manera sospechosamente bajo sus
cejas, como me montaron a, y cuando sus dedos protegido a sí mismos, con un
celoso de resolución, aún más lejos en su chaleco, como ya he anunciado mi
nombre .
Machine Translation
I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I
shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do
not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from
the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are
such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He
little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes
withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers
sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I
announced my name.
I have just returned from a visit to my landlord - the lonely neighbor who was
troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In England all, I do not believe
that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the commotion
of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr. Heathcliff and I are a couple
appropriate to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He just imagine
how my heart warmed to him when I saw his black eyes withdraw so
suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered
themselves, with a jealous resolution, still further in his waistcoat, as I have
already announced my name.
Machine Translation
I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I
shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do
not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from
the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are
such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He
little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes
withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers
sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I
announced my name.
我剛剛訪問歸來，我的房東-孤獨的鄰居說，我會深感焦慮。這當然是一個美麗的
國家！在所有英格蘭，我不相信我能對固定的情況下，所以完全清除出轟動的社
會。一個完美的misanthropist的天堂：議員及heathcliff和我是這樣一個合適的一
雙分裂荒涼我們之間。資本同胞！他沒有想到，怎麼我 的心回暖，對他的，當我
看到他的眼眶黑黑的撤回，所以，形跡可疑，根據他們的眉型，我就騎上了，而
當他的手指庇護自己，一個嫉妒的決議，仍然遠在他的背 心，我宣布我的名字。
Machine Translation
I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I
shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do
not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from
the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are
such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He
little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes
withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers
sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I
announced my name.
I have just returned to my landlord - lonely neighbors said, I will deeply anxiety.
This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I can to
fixed circumstances, so completely removed from the sensational society. A
perfect misanthropist's heaven: Members and heathcliff and I are such a suitable
pair split the desolation between us. Capital compatriots! He did not expect, how
my heart warmed up to him, when I saw his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously,
on their own looking brows, I ride, but when his fingers sheltered themselves, a
jealous resolution, still far in his vest, I announced my name.
Language Requires Knowledge
• Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics
Language Requires Knowledge
• Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics
• Hospital Pays $100,000 to Overdose Victim’s Family
Rossum’s
Universal
Robots
A play by Karel Čapek, 1920
The Three Laws of
Robotics
1942
The Three Laws of Robotics
•
A robot may not injure a human being or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
•
A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings
except where such orders would conflict with the First
Law.
•
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such
protection does not conflict with the First or Second
Law.
Household Robots
Exploiting Household Robots
• Create free time.
• Increase birth rate?
Industrial Robots
Factory Automation
http://videos.streetfire.net/video/82D220A1-BAB7-4BAA-AD4672209AD5F6F3.htm
An Unpleasant
Task
http://www.kuka.com/usa/en/solutions/solutions_search/L_R232_Robot_optimize
s_cutting_of_pork_sides.htm
Robotic Surgery
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sS4hRxxKQlk
An aside on the da Vinci system: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5997080660276538391
Hominoid (or Animoid) Robots
Aibo
1999 Sony’s Aibo pet
dog
What Can You Do with an Aibo?
1997 – First official Rob-Cup soccer match
Picture from 2003
competition
Big Dog
Boston Dynamics: http://www.bdi.com/content/sec.php?section=BigDog
A shorter video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lenvylxvkk&feature=related
Cog
1998 – now Cog
Humanoid
intelligence requires
humanoid
interactions with the
world.
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/
Kismet
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/kismet/affectSpeech_web.mov
http://www.iwaswondering.org/cynthia_video.html
Einstein
http://www.calit2.net/newsroom/release.php?id=1469
Fashion Model
HRP-4C
http://www.pinktentacle.com/2009/03/video-hrp-4c-fashion-model-robot/
QRIO
http://www.newscientist.com/article/
dn4845.html
Dancing: http://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2003/1218/sony_06.wmv
Rapping: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1UJA94Hwgs
Kotaro
2005
http://www.jsk.t.utokyo.ac.jp/~ikuo/kotaro/index-e.html
Asimo
2005
http://world.honda.com/HDTV/ASIMO/
200712-press-demo/
Wakamaru
http://www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/about/index.html
Elder Care
Nursebot
http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~nursebot/web/video.html
Bathbot
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/05/international/asia/05JAPA.html?ex=139382
2800&en=eb854fe2a4e6c9bd&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND
Helping Yourself
Paro
http://paro.jp/english/index.html
Moving Around
Pioneer
At the Chernobyl power plant.
http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/projects/pioneer/
Military Missions
http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid=109
Robots at war
Sandstorm
March 13, 2004 - A DARPA Grand Challenge: an unmanned
offroad race, 142 miles from Barstow to Las Vegas.
http://www.redteamracing.org/
The 2005 Course
Stanley – the Winner
Completed the course in 6 hours, 53 minutes.
The 2007 Urban Grand Challenge
Autonomous ground vehicles must safely complete a 60mile urban area course in fewer than six hours. First prize is
$2 million, second prize is $500,000 and third prize is
$250,000. To succeed, vehicles must autonomously obey
traffic laws while merging into moving traffic, navigating
traffic circles, negotiating busy intersections and avoiding
obstacles.
The 2007 Urban Grand Challenge
Some Videos
•
•
•
•
The Final race
CMU wins (déjà vu)
An accident
A Prius misbehaves
What Do You Trust?
Autonomous intersection management
Interacting with Us
http://tweenbots.com/
How Much Compute Power Does it Take?
From Hans Moravec, Robot Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind 1998.
How Much Compute Power is There?
Hans Moravec: http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/talks/revo.slides/power.aug.curve/power.aug.gif
The Singularity
It won’t stop just when the robots get as smart as we
are.
The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence
The Singularity
I am the Very Model of a Singularitarian