Transcript Cell parts PPT

The Cell
 The cell is the smallest unit of life that can carry
out life processes.
Discoveries Leading to The
Cell Theory
 Robert Hooke – 1665 -observed cork through a
light microscope.
 Anton Van Leewenhoek – 1675 -observed
LIVING cells.
 Matthias Schleiden – 1883 –plants are made of
cells.
 Theodor Schwann – 1839 –animals are made
of cells
The Cell Theory
 The cell theory states that:
all living organisms are made of one or more cells,
2. cells are the basic units of structure and function,
3. cells come only from pre-existing cells.
1.
Prokaryotic Cell
 Prokaryotic-cells
that do not have a
nucleus and
internal
membrane-bound
structures
 Most unicellular
organisms are
prokaryotes.
 Bacteria
Eukaryotic
Cell
 Eukaryotic-Cells
that do have a
nucleus and internal
membrane-bound
structures.
 Most multicellular
organisms are
eukaryotes.
 Yeast and algae
(unicellular,
eukaryotes)
 Plant and animal
Features Common to Cells:
 Cytoplasm – Gel
like material that
protects, supports
and suspends
organelles.
Features Common to Cells:
 Cell membrane – Flexible, semi-permeable
membrane that allows some materials in and keeps
others out. This helps to maintain cellular
homeostasis.
Nucleus
 “Command center”
 Surrounded by a
nuclear envelope
 Contains genetic
material:
 chromatin
 chromosomes
Chloroplast – green pigments of
plant cells
 Examples:
 Chloroplast – Located in plant cells, some bacteria, and
protists.


Capture light energy to produce and store food
Contain chlorophyll-green pigment that traps light energy
Cell wall
 Rigid outer covering
PLANT CELLS
 Located outside the
cell membrane
 Provides support and
protection
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Parts of the Cell
Features Common to Cells:
 Cytoskeleton – tiny fibers
that give structure and
support to the cell.
Ribosomes
– site where proteins are made
• Can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to
endoplasmic reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(RER)
 Series of folded
membranes allow a large
amount of work to be
done in a small amount
of space
 Transportation unit for
the cell
 Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)
 Ribosomes attached
 Protein synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Series of folded membranes allow a large amount of work
to be done in a small amount of space
 Transportation unit for the cell
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
– Produce and store lipids
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicles
 Flattened tubular
membranes
 Packaging plant
 Modify, sort,
package, and
transport proteins
throughout the cell
VACUOLES
 Storage sacs
Temporary storage of
materials
 Store food, enzymes,
waste
 Plant cells have one
large vacuole.
 Animal cells have
many small vesicles.
LYSOSOMES
 Contain digestive
enzymes
 Digest excess or worn
organelles, food
particles, viruses, and
bacteria
 Surrounded by
membrane that
prevents it from
destroying the cell
 Can burst causing cell
death
Chapter 4
Mitochondria
 Cellular respiration -converts food into energy
 Cell “Powerhouse”
 Number of mitochondria depends upon the
function of the cell
 Ex: muscles cells have more mitochondria than fat cells
Centriole
 Help with cell
reproduction
 Only found in
animal cells
Cilia and Flagella
 Aid in movement and
feeding
 Composed of
microtubules
 Cilia-short, numerous
hair-like projections
that move in a wavelike
motion
 Flagella-long,
whip-like
projections
Plant cell vs. Animal Cell
Plant vs Animal cells

Animal Cell vs. Plant cell
Animal Cell



DO contain centrioles.
DO NOT contain a cell wall or plastids.
Plant Cell


DO contain a cell wall, plastids, and a large central
vacuole.

DO NOT contain centrioles